STM32 UART FIFO收发例程

好的，以下是一个简单的基于STM32的UART FIFO收发例程，代码使用HAL库编写：

#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"

#define UART_BUFFER_SIZE 128

UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;

uint8_t uart_rx_buffer[UART_BUFFER_SIZE];
uint8_t uart_tx_buffer[UART_BUFFER_SIZE];

uint8_t uart_rx_data = 0;
uint8_t uart_rx_data_available = 0;

void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    if (huart->Instance == USART2)
    {
        // Check if receive buffer is full
        if (uart_rx_data_available < UART_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
            uart_rx_buffer[uart_rx_data_available++] = uart_rx_data;
        }
        else
        {
            uart_rx_data_available = 0;
        }
        // Start listening for new data
        HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart2, &uart_rx_data, 1);
    }
}

void HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
    // Nothing to do here
}

void UART_Init()
{
    huart2.Instance = USART2;
    huart2.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
    huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
    huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
    huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
    huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
    huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
    huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
    HAL_UART_Init(&huart2);
    // Start listening for data
    HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart2, &uart_rx_data, 1);
}

void UART_Send(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t size)
{
    HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart2, (uint8_t *)data, size);
}

uint8_t UART_Read()
{
    if (uart_rx_data_available == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    uint8_t data = uart_rx_buffer[0];
    uart_rx_data_available--;
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < uart_rx_data_available; i++)
    {
        uart_rx_buffer[i] = uart_rx_buffer[i + 1];
    }
    return data;
}

void UART_ReadBuffer(uint8_t *buffer, uint16_t size)
{
    if (uart_rx_data_available < size)
    {
        size = uart_rx_data_available;
    }
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        buffer[i] = uart_rx_buffer[i];
    }
    uart_rx_data_available -= size;
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < uart_rx_data_available; i++)
    {
        uart_rx_buffer[i] = uart_rx_buffer[i + size];
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    HAL_Init();
    UART_Init();

    while (1)
    {
        uint8_t data = UART_Read();
        if (data != 0)
        {
            // Handle received data
        }
        // Do other stuff
    }
}

这个例程使用了UART2，可以根据需要修改。主要使用了两个缓冲区（rx_buffer和tx_buffer），分别用于接收和发送数据。数据接收使用了中断，每当有数据到达时，会调用HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback函数进行处理。数据发送也使用了中断，对于比较长的数据可以使用HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA函数实现DMA传输，更加高效。