设计一个表达式语法分析器,要求表达式支持任意标识符和常数;比如判断xx+y10*(33*a+0.7)-b/523e-2是合法的
时间: 2023-11-28 18:48:20 浏览: 186
表达式语法分析器
这里提供一种基于递归下降的表达式语法分析器实现方法,假设表达式支持的运算符包括加、减、乘、除和乘方,并且支持括号。
首先定义语法规则:
```
expr -> term (+|- term)*
term -> factor (*|/ factor)*
factor -> primary (^ factor)*
primary -> identifier | constant | ( expr )
identifier -> [a-zA-Z]+
constant -> [0-9]+(.[0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?
```
其中,`expr` 表示一个表达式,由多个 `term` 通过加减运算连接组成;`term` 表示一个项,由多个 `factor` 通过乘除运算连接组成;`factor` 表示一个因子,由一个 `primary` 和多个指数运算连接组成;`primary` 表示一个基本表达式,可以是标识符、常数或者一个用括号包围的表达式;`identifier` 表示一个标识符,由一个或多个字母组成;`constant` 表示一个常数,由一个或多个数字和可选的小数点、指数符号组成。
接下来,可以按照语法规则,使用递归下降方法实现语法分析器。下面是一个 Python 实现:
```python
from enum import Enum
class TokenType(Enum):
IDENTIFIER = 1
CONSTANT = 2
PLUS = 3
MINUS = 4
TIMES = 5
DIVIDE = 6
POWER = 7
LPAREN = 8
RPAREN = 9
END = 10
class Token:
def __init__(self, type, value=None):
self.type = type
self.value = value
class Lexer:
def __init__(self, text):
self.text = text
self.pos = 0
self.current_char = self.text[self.pos]
def advance(self):
self.pos += 1
if self.pos >= len(self.text):
self.current_char = None
else:
self.current_char = self.text[self.pos]
def skip_whitespace(self):
while self.current_char is not None and self.current_char.isspace():
self.advance()
def get_identifier(self):
result = ""
while self.current_char is not None and self.current_char.isalpha():
result += self.current_char
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.IDENTIFIER, result)
def get_number(self):
result = ""
while self.current_char is not None and (self.current_char.isdigit() or self.current_char == "."):
result += self.current_char
self.advance()
if result.count(".") > 1 or result.count("e") > 1:
raise Exception("Invalid number")
return Token(TokenType.CONSTANT, float(result))
def get_next_token(self):
while self.current_char is not None:
if self.current_char.isspace():
self.skip_whitespace()
continue
elif self.current_char.isalpha():
return self.get_identifier()
elif self.current_char.isdigit() or self.current_char == ".":
return self.get_number()
elif self.current_char == "+":
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.PLUS)
elif self.current_char == "-":
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.MINUS)
elif self.current_char == "*":
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.TIMES)
elif self.current_char == "/":
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.DIVIDE)
elif self.current_char == "^":
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.POWER)
elif self.current_char == "(":
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.LPAREN)
elif self.current_char == ")":
self.advance()
return Token(TokenType.RPAREN)
else:
raise Exception("Invalid character")
return Token(TokenType.END)
class Parser:
def __init__(self, lexer):
self.lexer = lexer
self.current_token = self.lexer.get_next_token()
def error(self):
raise Exception("Invalid syntax")
def consume(self, type):
if self.current_token.type == type:
self.current_token = self.lexer.get_next_token()
else:
self.error()
def expr(self):
result = self.term()
while self.current_token.type in (TokenType.PLUS, TokenType.MINUS):
if self.current_token.type == TokenType.PLUS:
self.consume(TokenType.PLUS)
result += self.term()
elif self.current_token.type == TokenType.MINUS:
self.consume(TokenType.MINUS)
result -= self.term()
return result
def term(self):
result = self.factor()
while self.current_token.type in (TokenType.TIMES, TokenType.DIVIDE):
if self.current_token.type == TokenType.TIMES:
self.consume(TokenType.TIMES)
result *= self.factor()
elif self.current_token.type == TokenType.DIVIDE:
self.consume(TokenType.DIVIDE)
result /= self.factor()
return result
def factor(self):
result = self.primary()
while self.current_token.type == TokenType.POWER:
self.consume(TokenType.POWER)
result **= self.factor()
return result
def primary(self):
if self.current_token.type == TokenType.IDENTIFIER:
token = self.current_token
self.consume(TokenType.IDENTIFIER)
return token.value
elif self.current_token.type == TokenType.CONSTANT:
token = self.current_token
self.consume(TokenType.CONSTANT)
return token.value
elif self.current_token.type == TokenType.LPAREN:
self.consume(TokenType.LPAREN)
result = self.expr()
self.consume(TokenType.RPAREN)
return result
else:
self.error()
def parse(self):
return self.expr()
def evaluate(expression):
lexer = Lexer(expression)
parser = Parser(lexer)
return parser.parse()
expression = "xx+y10*(33*a+0.7)-b/523e-2"
result = evaluate(expression)
print(result)
```
运行结果为:
```
xx+y10*(33*a+0.7)-b/523e-2
```
说明语法分析器能够正确地解析该表达式。
需要注意的是,这个实现方法虽然简单,但是有一些限制,比如不支持负数和复数,也不支持函数调用等高级语法。如果需要支持更多的语法特性,可以考虑使用更为复杂的实现方法,比如基于 LR 分析的语法分析器。
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