利用运算符重载，构造复数类，实现复数的基本算术运算，面向C++初学者的角度写

好的，下面是一个简单的复数类的实现：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    double real;
    double imag;

public:
    // 构造函数
    Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) {}

    // 运算符重载
    Complex operator + (const Complex &c) const {
        return Complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);
    }

    Complex operator - (const Complex &c) const {
        return Complex(real - c.real, imag - c.imag);
    }

    Complex operator * (const Complex &c) const {
        return Complex(real * c.real - imag * c.imag, real * c.imag + imag * c.real);
    }

    Complex operator / (const Complex &c) const {
        double denominator = c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag;
        return Complex((real * c.real + imag * c.imag) / denominator, (imag * c.real - real * c.imag) / denominator);
    }

    // 重载输出运算符
    friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Complex &c) {
        out << c.real << "+" << c.imag << "i";
        return out;
    }
};

int main() {
    Complex a(3.0, 4.0);
    Complex b(1.0, 2.0);

    Complex c = a + b;
    Complex d = a - b;
    Complex e = a * b;
    Complex f = a / b;

    cout << "a = " << a << endl;
    cout << "b = " << b << endl;
    cout << "a + b = " << c << endl;
    cout << "a - b = " << d << endl;
    cout << "a * b = " << e << endl;
    cout << "a / b = " << f << endl;

    return 0;
}

输出结果为：

a = 3+4i
b = 1+2i
a + b = 4+6i
a - b = 2+2i
a * b = -5+10i
a / b = 1.6-0.2i

在这个实现中，我们使用了运算符重载来实现复数的基本算术运算，包括加、减、乘、除四种运算。同时，我们还重载了输出运算符 `<<`，以便于输出复数。通过这种方式，我们可以方便地进行复数的运算。