socket套接字编程windows与linux有什么区别 请详细说明一下 最好举个代码示例
时间: 2023-05-20 13:04:18 浏览: 55
在Windows和Linux中,socket编程的基本概念和API是相同的,但是在实现上有一些区别。
首先,Windows和Linux的socket API是不同的,因此在编写代码时需要使用不同的函数和数据结构。例如,在Windows中,使用的是Winsock API,而在Linux中,使用的是BSD socket API。
其次,Windows和Linux的socket实现方式也有所不同。在Windows中,socket实现是基于IOCP(I/O Completion Ports)的,而在Linux中,socket实现是基于文件描述符的。
最后,Windows和Linux的socket编程还有一些细节上的差异,例如在Windows中需要调用WSAStartup函数来初始化Winsock库,而在Linux中则不需要。
下面是一个简单的示例代码,演示了如何在Windows和Linux中创建一个TCP套接字并进行连接:
Windows:
```
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
int main() {
WSADATA wsaData;
int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);
if (iResult != 0) {
printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult);
return 1;
}
SOCKET ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
struct addrinfo* result = NULL, *ptr = NULL, hints;
ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints));
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
iResult = getaddrinfo("www.example.com", "http", &hints, &result);
if (iResult != 0) {
printf("getaddrinfo failed: %d\n", iResult);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
for (ptr = result; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->ai_next) {
ConnectSocket = socket(ptr->ai_family, ptr->ai_socktype, ptr->ai_protocol);
if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
printf("socket failed: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
iResult = connect(ConnectSocket, ptr->ai_addr, (int)ptr->ai_addrlen);
if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
closesocket(ConnectSocket);
ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
continue;
}
break;
}
freeaddrinfo(result);
if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
printf("Unable to connect to server!\n");
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
// Do something with the connected socket...
closesocket(ConnectSocket);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
```
Linux:
```
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
int sockfd, status;
struct addrinfo hints, *res;
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
status = getaddrinfo("www.example.com", "http", &hints, &res);
if (status != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo error: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));
return 1;
}
sockfd = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
return 1;
}
status = connect(sockfd, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
if (status == -1) {
perror("connect");
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
// Do something with the connected socket...
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
```