WFMC工作流参考模型

时间: 2023-09-22 08:10:10 浏览: 235

WfMC工作流参考模型

1. Introduction 1.1. Background Work Flow Management is a fast evolving technology which is increasingly being exploited by businesses in a variety of industries. Its primary characteristic is the automation of processes involving combinations of human and machine-based activities, particularly those involving interaction with IT applications and tools. Although its most prevalent use is within the office environment in staff intensive operations such as insurance, banking, legal and general administration, etc, it is also applicable to some classes of industrial and manufacturing applications . Many software vendors have WFM products available today which involve WFM technology and there is a continual introduction of more products into the market. The availability of a wide range of products within the market has allowed individual product vendors to focus on particular functional capabilities and users have adopted particular products to meet specific application needs. However, there are, as yet, no standards defined to enable different WFM products to work together, which is resulting in incompatible "islands" of process automation. The WFM Coalition is a grouping of companies who have joined together to address the above situation. It has been recognised that all work flow management products have some common characteristics, enabling them potentially to achieve a level of interoperability through the use of common standards for various functions. The WFM Coalition has been established to identify these functional areas and develop appropriate specifications for implementation in workflow products. It is intended that such specifications will enable interoperability between heterogeneous workflow products and improved integration of workflow applications with other IT services such as electronic mail and document management, thereby improving the opportunities for the effective use of workflow technology within the IT market, to the benefit of both vendors and users of such technology. 1.2. Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide a framework to support the development of the various specifications described above. It provides a common "Reference Model" for workflow management systems identifying their characteristics, terminology and components, enabling the individual specifications to be developed within the context of an overall model for workflow systems. The detailed specifications will be developed as separate documents. 1.3. Scope This document covers the concepts, terminology, general structure of a workflow management system, its major functional components and the interfaces and information interchange flows between them. It identifies the areas appropriate for standardisation and illustrates the potential interoperability scenarios which may be supported through the use of common standards. It also discusses, where appropriate, the applicability of existing standards to workflow management systems and their integration with other standard IT services. It does not cover wider aspects of business process engineering which lie outside the use of information technology to support the business process. 1.4. Audience The intended audience of this document is the work flow coalition membership as well as others that are interested in the efforts of the coalition and wish to understand the top level technical architecture which underpins the work of the Coalition. The document is intended for a moderately technical audience but extensive prior knowledge of workflow systems is not assumed. 1.5. How to read this document Chapter 2 provides a general introduction to the concepts of workflow systems technology, its evolution, the business context and background on the types of systems which may incorporate this type of technology. If you are unfamiliar with workflow technology you should start here; if you are already familiar with workflow management systems, consider starting at Chapter 3. Chapter 3 discuses the internal structure of workflow systems, the major functional components and the nature of their interactions. It introduces the top level architecture and identifies the various interfaces which may be used to support interoperability between different system components and integration with other major IT infrastructure components. Chapter 4 provides a general overview of the workflow application programme interface (WAPI), comments on the necessary protocol support for open interworking and discusses the principles of conformance to the specifications. It identifies those aspects of the specifications which are required to support various classes of interoperability. The detailed WAPI specifications are published as separate specification documents (see cross references below). ### WfMC工作流参考模型相关知识点 #### 1. 工作流管理技术背景与定义 - **工作流管理**是一种快速发展的技术，越来越多的企业在各种行业中利用它来自动化涉及人类与机器活动相结合的过程，特别是那些涉及与IT应用程序和工具交互的过程。 - 尽管最普遍的应用是在办公室环境中对员工密集型操作进行自动化处理（如保险、银行业务、法律事务和一般行政管理等），但也可应用于某些工业和制造领域。 - 目前市场上存在多种工作流管理（WFM）产品，且不断有新产品进入市场。这些产品的多样性使得各个供应商能够专注于特定的功能能力，并让用户选择适合其特定应用需求的产品。 #### 2. 工作流管理联盟的目标与作用 - **WFM联盟**是由一群公司组成的团体，旨在解决不同WFM产品之间缺乏互操作性的问题。该联盟认识到所有WFM产品都具有一些共同特征，因此有可能通过制定共同标准实现一定程度的互操作性。 - 联盟的目标是识别这些功能区域并开发适当的规范，以便在WFM产品中实施。这样的规范将有助于实现异构WFM产品之间的互操作性和提高WFM应用与其他IT服务（如电子邮件和文档管理）之间的集成程度，从而提升WFM技术的有效使用。 #### 3. 文档目的与范围 - **文档目的**：提供一个框架以支持上述各类规范的开发。它为WFM系统提供了一个共同的“参考模型”，定义了其特性、术语和组件，使各个规范可以在一个总体模型的上下文中得到发展。 - **文档范围**：涵盖了WFM系统的概念、术语、一般结构及其主要功能组件、组件之间的接口和信息交换流程。它还确定了适合标准化的领域，并展示了通过共同标准可能支持的互操作性场景。 - **文档不涵盖的内容**：更广泛的业务流程工程方面，这些方面超出了信息技术支持业务流程的范畴。 #### 4. 文档受众与阅读指南 - **受众**：该文档的主要读者是WFM联盟成员以及对联盟工作感兴趣的人士，他们希望了解支撑联盟工作的顶层技术架构。 - **阅读指南**： - 如果您对工作流技术不熟悉，可以从第2章开始，了解工作流系统技术的概念、演变过程、业务背景以及可能包含这种技术的系统类型。 - 如果您已经熟悉工作流管理系统，可以直接从第3章开始，了解工作流系统的内部结构、主要功能组件及其交互性质。 - 第4章提供了关于工作流应用程序接口（WAPI）的一般概述，讨论了开放互操作所需的协议支持，并讨论了符合规范的原则。 #### 5. 工作流参考模型的内容概览 - **工作流系统概述**：包括工作流的定义、工作流的发展历程、产品实施模型、替代实施情景以及标准化的需求。 - **工作流参考模型**：涵盖模型概述、工作流模型、工作流执行服务、过程定义、工作流客户端功能、调用应用程序功能以及工作流互操作性等内容。 - **WAPI结构、协议与符合性**：包括WAPI的功能概述、WAPI协议支持、符合性原则以及互操作性分类与符合性级别等内容。 #### 6. 总结通过这份文档，我们可以了解到工作流管理技术的基本概念、发展历程以及标准化的重要意义。同时，文档详细介绍了WFM联盟的目标、作用以及为实现互操作性和提高集成程度所制定的工作流参考模型。这对于理解现代企业中工作流管理系统的设计和实现具有重要的指导意义。

WFMC（Workflow Management Coalition）工作流参考模型是一个行业标准，用于描述工作流管理系统中的各种组件和其之间的关系。它定义了工作流管理系统中的五个主要组件：流程定义、流程实例、工作项、参与者和规则。这些组件共同协作，实现工作流管理系统的各种功能，例如流程建模、流程执行、流程监控和流程优化等。同时，WFMC工作流参考模型还定义了一系列接口和规范，使得不同厂商的工作流管理系统可以互相兼容和集成。

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WFMC工作流参考模型

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