c++。以高校为基本单位进行信息存放，高校信息包括：编号、学校名称、地址、省份、建校时间等。 功能要求： 以文件形式保存相关信息，可以读取默认文件中的信息进行查询等操作。能够对高校信息进行维护：新建、修改、删除操作:.按照高校任意信息进行查询：

下面是一个简单的 C++ 程序，实现了上述要求：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// 定义高校信息结构体
struct School {
    int id;         // 编号
    string name;    // 学校名称
    string address; // 地址
    string province;// 省份
    int year;       // 建校时间

    // 构造函数
    School(int i, string n, string a, string p, int y) {
        id = i;
        name = n;
        address = a;
        province = p;
        year = y;
    }
};

// 文件路径
const string filepath = "schools.txt";

// 读取高校信息
vector<School> readSchools() {
    vector<School> schools;
    ifstream fin(filepath);
    if (fin) {
        int id, year;
        string name, address, province;
        while (fin >> id >> name >> address >> province >> year) {
            schools.push_back(School(id, name, address, province, year));
        }
        fin.close();
    }
    return schools;
}

// 保存高校信息
void saveSchools(vector<School> schools) {
    ofstream fout(filepath);
    if (fout) {
        for (School school : schools) {
            fout << school.id << " " << school.name << " " << school.address << " " << school.province << " " << school.year << endl;
        }
        fout.close();
    }
}

// 新建高校信息
void addSchool(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id, year;
    string name, address, province;
    cout << "请输入高校编号：";
    cin >> id;
    cout << "请输入高校名称：";
    cin >> name;
    cout << "请输入高校地址：";
    cin >> address;
    cout << "请输入高校所在省份：";
    cin >> province;
    cout << "请输入高校建校年份：";
    cin >> year;
    schools.push_back(School(id, name, address, province, year));
    saveSchools(schools);
}

// 修改高校信息
void editSchool(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id, year;
    string name, address, province;
    cout << "请输入需要修改的高校编号：";
    cin >> id;
    for (int i = 0; i < schools.size(); i++) {
        if (schools[i].id == id) {
            cout << "请输入新的高校名称（原值：" << schools[i].name << "）：";
            cin >> name;
            cout << "请输入新的高校地址（原值：" << schools[i].address << "）：";
            cin >> address;
            cout << "请输入新的高校所在省份（原值：" << schools[i].province << "）：";
            cin >> province;
            cout << "请输入新的高校建校年份（原值：" << schools[i].year << "）：";
            cin >> year;
            schools[i] = School(id, name, address, province, year);
            saveSchools(schools);
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "找不到编号为 " << id << " 的高校" << endl;
}

// 删除高校信息
void deleteSchool(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id;
    cout << "请输入需要删除的高校编号：";
    cin >> id;
    for (int i = 0; i < schools.size(); i++) {
        if (schools[i].id == id) {
            schools.erase(schools.begin() + i);
            saveSchools(schools);
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "找不到编号为 " << id << " 的高校" << endl;
}

// 按照编号查询高校信息
void queryById(vector<School>& schools) {
    int id;
    cout << "请输入需要查询的高校编号：";
    cin >> id;
    for (School school : schools) {
        if (school.id == id) {
            cout << "编号：" << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称：" << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址：" << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份：" << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校年份：" << school.year << endl;
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << "找不到编号为 " << id << " 的高校" << endl;
}

// 按照名称查询高校信息
void queryByName(vector<School>& schools) {
    string name;
    cout << "请输入需要查询的高校名称：";
    cin >> name;
    for (School school : schools) {
        if (school.name == name) {
            cout << "编号：" << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称：" << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址：" << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份：" << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校年份：" << school.year << endl;
        }
    }
}

// 按照省份查询高校信息
void queryByProvince(vector<School>& schools) {
    string province;
    cout << "请输入需要查询的高校省份：";
    cin >> province;
    for (School school : schools) {
        if (school.province == province) {
            cout << "编号：" << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称：" << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址：" << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份：" << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校年份：" << school.year << endl;
        }
    }
}

// 按照建校时间查询高校信息
void queryByYear(vector<School>& schools) {
    int year;
    cout << "请输入需要查询的高校建校年份：";
    cin >> year;
    for (School school : schools) {
        if (school.year == year) {
            cout << "编号：" << school.id << endl;
            cout << "名称：" << school.name << endl;
            cout << "地址：" << school.address << endl;
            cout << "省份：" << school.province << endl;
            cout << "建校年份：" << school.year << endl;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    vector<School> schools = readSchools();
    while (true) {
        int choice;
        cout << "请选择操作：1.新建 2.修改 3.删除 4.按编号查询 5.按名称查询 6.按省份查询 7.按建校时间查询 0.退出：";
        cin >> choice;
        if (choice == 0) {
            break;
        }
        switch (choice) {
        case 1:
            addSchool(schools);
            break;
        case 2:
            editSchool(schools);
            break;
        case 3:
            deleteSchool(schools);
            break;
        case 4:
            queryById(schools);
            break;
        case 5:
            queryByName(schools);
            break;
        case 6:
            queryByProvince(schools);
            break;
        case 7:
            queryByYear(schools);
            break;
        default:
            cout << "无效操作" << endl;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

这个程序使用了一个结构体 `School` 来表示高校信息，定义了一些操作函数来实现新建、修改、删除、查询等功能。在 `main` 函数中，程序通过循环来不断接受用户的输入，根据用户选择的操作调用相应的操作函数。同时，程序在启动时会读取文件中保存的高校信息，退出时会将修改后的高校信息保存到文件中。