Python BeeWare实现邮箱验证码登录功能及示例代码
时间: 2024-04-20 07:05:58 浏览: 20
可以使用Python的Django框架和Django-allauth库来实现邮箱验证码登录功能。
首先,安装Django-allauth库:
```python
pip install django-allauth
```
然后,在Django项目的settings.py文件中添加以下配置:
```python
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = [
'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
'allauth.account.auth_backends.AuthenticationBackend',
]
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'
ACCOUNT_AUTHENTICATION_METHOD = 'email'
ACCOUNT_EMAIL_REQUIRED = True
ACCOUNT_UNIQUE_EMAIL = True
ACCOUNT_USERNAME_REQUIRED = False
ACCOUNT_EMAIL_VERIFICATION = 'mandatory'
ACCOUNT_SIGNUP_EMAIL_ENTER_TWICE = True
```
这些配置将启用使用邮箱进行验证和登录,并将邮件发送到终端而不是发送到实际的邮箱。
接下来,在Django项目的urls.py文件中添加以下配置:
```python
from allauth.account.views import ConfirmEmailView
urlpatterns = [
path('accounts/', include('allauth.urls')),
path('accounts/confirm-email/<str:key>/', ConfirmEmailView.as_view(),
name='account_confirm_email'),
]
```
这些配置将设置路由和视图,以便用户确认其邮箱。
接着,编写一个视图来实现发送验证码和验证验证码功能:
```python
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.views import LoginView
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect
from django.views.generic.edit import FormView
from django.contrib.messages.views import SuccessMessageMixin
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from allauth.account.models import EmailConfirmationHMAC, EmailConfirmation
from allauth.account.views import RedirectAuthenticatedUserMixin
from .forms import EmailLoginForm
@method_decorator(csrf_protect, name='dispatch')
class EmailLoginView(SuccessMessageMixin, FormView):
form_class = EmailLoginForm
template_name = 'account/email_login.html'
success_url = reverse_lazy('home')
success_message = _("Email login link has been sent to your email.")
def form_valid(self, form):
email = form.cleaned_data['email']
try:
user = User.objects.get(email=email)
except User.DoesNotExist:
user = User(email=email)
user.set_unusable_password()
user.save()
emailconfirmation = EmailConfirmation.create(user=user)
emailconfirmation.sent = timezone.now()
emailconfirmation.save()
subject = _("Email Login Link")
message = _("Please use the following link to login:\n\n"
"{}/accounts/login/?key={}".format(
self.request.build_absolute_uri('/'),
EmailConfirmationHMAC(emailconfirmation).hexdigest()))
send_mail(subject, message, settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL, [email])
return super().form_valid(form)
class EmailLoginKeyView(RedirectAuthenticatedUserMixin, LoginView):
template_name = 'account/login.html'
redirect_authenticated_user = True
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
key = kwargs.get('key')
emailconfirmation = EmailConfirmationHMAC.from_key(key)
if not emailconfirmation:
return self.handle_no_permission()
if emailconfirmation.email_address.verified:
return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
emailconfirmation.email_address.set_as_primary(conditional=True)
emailconfirmation.email_address.user.email = emailconfirmation.email_address.email
emailconfirmation.email_address.user.save()
emailconfirmation.confirm(self.request)
return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
```
在此视图中,用户输入其邮箱地址,系统将向其发送验证码邮件。用户在邮箱中收到邮件后,可以访问包含验证码的链接以登录系统。如果验证码有效,则系统将使用户登录。如果用户首次使用该邮箱登录系统,则系统将创建一个新用户记录。
最后,在Django项目的forms.py文件中,编写EmailLoginForm表单:
```python
from django import forms
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class EmailLoginForm(forms.Form):
email = forms.EmailField(
label=_("Email"),
widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'autocomplete': 'email'})
)
```
这是一个简单的表单,提示用户输入其邮箱地址。
这就是在Python中实现邮箱验证码登录功能的示例代码。
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