写一个C++的串口程序

下面是一个简单的 C++ 串口程序，用于向串口发送字符串并接收来自串口的数据：

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    HANDLE hSerial;
    DCB dcbSerialParams = {0};
    COMMTIMEOUTS timeouts = {0};
    DWORD dwBytesWritten, dwBytesRead;
    char szBuff[256];

    // 打开串口
    hSerial = CreateFile(
        "COM1",             // 串口名称
        GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,   // 读写权限
        0,                  // 共享模式
        NULL,               // 安全描述符
        OPEN_EXISTING,      // 打开已存在的串口
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,  // 文件属性
        NULL);              // 模板文件句柄

    if (hSerial == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        cerr << "Error: Unable to open serial port." << endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // 设置串口参数
    dcbSerialParams.DCBlength = sizeof(dcbSerialParams);
    if (!GetCommState(hSerial, &dcbSerialParams)) {
        cerr << "Error: Unable to get serial parameters." << endl;
        CloseHandle(hSerial);
        return 1;
    }

    dcbSerialParams.BaudRate = CBR_9600;     // 波特率
    dcbSerialParams.ByteSize = 8;            // 数据位
    dcbSerialParams.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;   // 停止位
    dcbSerialParams.Parity = NOPARITY;       // 校验位

    if (!SetCommState(hSerial, &dcbSerialParams)) {
        cerr << "Error: Unable to set serial parameters." << endl;
        CloseHandle(hSerial);
        return 1;
    }

    // 设置串口超时时间
    timeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = 50;
    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 50;
    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 10;
    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 50;
    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 10;

    if (!SetCommTimeouts(hSerial, &timeouts)) {
        cerr << "Error: Unable to set serial timeouts." << endl;
        CloseHandle(hSerial);
        return 1;
    }

    // 向串口发送数据
    const char* szData = "Hello, serial port!";
    if (!WriteFile(hSerial, szData, strlen(szData), &dwBytesWritten, NULL)) {
        cerr << "Error: Unable to write to serial port." << endl;
        CloseHandle(hSerial);
        return 1;
    }

    // 从串口读取数据
    if (!ReadFile(hSerial, szBuff, sizeof(szBuff), &dwBytesRead, NULL)) {
        cerr << "Error: Unable to read from serial port." << endl;
        CloseHandle(hSerial);
        return 1;
    }

    szBuff[dwBytesRead] = '\0';
    cout << "Received data: " << szBuff << endl;

    // 关闭串口
    CloseHandle(hSerial);

    return 0;
}

注意：这个程序只是一个简单的演示，实际应用中需要进行更多的错误处理和异常情况的处理。