Dropout() takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given

这个错误通常是因为在使用 Dropout 函数时传递了多余的参数。Dropout() 函数只需要一个参数，即要丢弃的神经元的比例。请检查你的代码，看看是否在 Dropout() 函数中传递了多余的参数。

另外，如果你在定义模型时使用了 Dropout 层，那么 Dropout 层应该是作为其他层的一部分进行定义的，而不是作为单独的函数调用。在这种情况下，你应该检查是否正确地定义了 Dropout 层，并且在调用该层时是否传递了正确的参数。

相关问题

Inception.__init__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'ch5x5' and 'pool_proj'

非常抱歉，我刚才的代码有误，已经修正。以下是正确的代码：

import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F


class Inception(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, ch1x1, ch3x3red, ch3x3, ch5x5red, ch5x5, pool_proj):
        super(Inception, self).__init__()
        # 1x1 conv branch
        self.branch1 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, ch1x1, kernel_size=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(ch1x1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )

        # 1x1 conv -> 3x3 conv branch
        self.branch2 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, ch3x3red, kernel_size=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(ch3x3red),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(ch3x3red, ch3x3, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(ch3x3),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )

        # 1x1 conv -> 5x5 conv branch
        self.branch3 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, ch5x5red, kernel_size=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(ch5x5red),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(ch5x5red, ch5x5, kernel_size=5, padding=2),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(ch5x5),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )

        # 3x3 pool -> 1x1 conv branch
        self.branch4 = nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, pool_proj, kernel_size=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(pool_proj),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        branch1 = self.branch1(x)
        branch2 = self.branch2(x)
        branch3 = self.branch3(x)
        branch4 = self.branch4(x)
        outputs = [branch1, branch2, branch3, branch4]
        return torch.cat(outputs, 1)


class GoogLeNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(GoogLeNet, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)

        self.inception1 = Inception(64, 64, 96, 128, 16, 32, 32)
        self.inception2 = Inception(256, 128, 128, 192, 32, 96, 64)

        self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)

        self.inception3 = Inception(480, 192, 96, 208, 16, 48, 64)
        self.inception4 = Inception(512, 160, 112, 224, 24, 64, 64)
        self.inception5 = Inception(512, 128, 128, 256, 24, 64, 64)
        self.inception6 = Inception(512, 112, 144, 288, 32, 64, 64)
        self.inception7 = Inception(528, 256, 160, 320, 32, 128, 128)

        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))

        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=0.4)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(832, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
        x = self.maxpool(x)
        x = self.inception1(x)
        x = self.inception2(x)
        x = self.maxpool(x)
        x = self.inception3(x)
        x = self.inception4(x)
        x = self.inception5(x)
        x = self.inception6(x)
        x = self.inception7(x)
        x = self.avgpool(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.dropout(x)
        x = self.fc(x)
        return x

这个GoogLeNet模型可以通过在CIFAR-10数据集上进行训练来实现图像分类任务。

nn.dropout2d

nn.Dropout2d是PyTorch中的一个函数，用于在卷积神经网络（CNN）中进行2D的随机失活操作。在CNN中，通过在每个训练批次中随机将部分神经元的输出置为零，Dropout2d可以有效地减少过拟合问题。具体而言，Dropout2d会在每个训练步骤中随机将输入张量的某些通道置为零，以此来增强模型的泛化能力。

与nn.Dropout不同，nn.Dropout2d是专门针对于2D输入的。它通常应用在卷积层之后，用于减少特征图中的冗余信息，提高模型的鲁棒性。

下面是nn.Dropout2d的一个例子：

self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 20, 5)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(20, 50, 5)
self.conv2_drop = nn.Dropout2d()
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(320, 50)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(50, 10)

def forward(self, x):
    x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv1(x), 2))
    x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv2_drop(self.conv2(x)), 2))
    x = x.view(-1, 320)
    x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
    x = F.dropout(x, training=self.training)
    x = self.fc2(x)
    return F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)

在这个例子中，Dropout2d被应用在第二个卷积层之后，通过将部分通道的值置为零来减少特征图的冗余信息。这有助于模型更好地学习和泛化。

希望这个解释对您有帮助！如果您有任何其他问题，请随时提问。