12306抢票脚本 python

抢票是一个比较复杂的过程，需要了解一些网络编程和爬虫技术。以下是一个基本的抢票脚本框架，需要根据具体情况进行修改和调整：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import time
import requests
import json

# 设置会话
s = requests.session()

# 设置请求头
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}

# 设置起点和终点
start_station = ''
end_station = ''

# 设置乘车日期和车次
train_date = ''
train_number = ''

# 设置乘客姓名和身份证号
passenger_name = ''
passenger_id = ''

# 获取余票信息
def get_ticket_info(train_date, start_station, end_station, train_number):
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={}&purpose_codes=ADULT'.format(train_date, start_station, end_station)
    response = s.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    data = result['data']
    for item in data:
        if train_number in item['queryLeftNewDTO']['station_train_code']:
            left_ticket = item['queryLeftNewDTO']['ze_num']
            return left_ticket

# 提交订单
def submit_order_request():
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest'
    data = {
        'secretStr': '',
        'train_date': train_date,
        'back_train_date': '',
        'tour_flag': 'dc',
        'purpose_codes': 'ADULT',
        'query_from_station_name': '',
        'query_to_station_name': '',
        'undefined': ''
    }
    response = s.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, verify=False)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    if result['status'] == True:
        return True
    else:
        return False

# 获取乘客信息和座位信息
def get_passenger_info():
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc'
    response = s.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    data = result['data']
    ticket_info_for_passenger_form = data['ticketInfoForPassengerForm']
    global_submit_token = data['globalRepeatSubmitToken']
    passenger_info = {
        'passengerTicketStr': 'O,0,1,{},1,{},N'.format(passenger_name, passenger_id),
        'oldPassengerStr': '{},1,{},3_'.format(passenger_name, passenger_id)
    }
    return ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token, passenger_info

# 检查订单信息
def check_order_info(ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token, passenger_info):
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo'
    data = {
        'cancel_flag': '2',
        'bed_level_order_num': '000000000000000000000000000000',
        'passengerTicketStr': passenger_info['passengerTicketStr'],
        'oldPassengerStr': passenger_info['oldPassengerStr'],
        'tour_flag': 'dc',
        'randCode': '',
        'whatsSelect': '1',
        '_json_att': '',
        'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': global_submit_token
    }
    response = s.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, verify=False)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    if result['status'] == True:
        return True
    else:
        return False

# 获取排队信息
def get_queue_count(train_date, train_number, start_station, end_station, ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token):
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount'
    data = {
        'train_date': train_date,
        'train_no': ticket_info_for_passenger_form['queryLeftTicketRequestDTO']['train_no'],
        'stationTrainCode': train_number,
        'seatType': 'O',
        'fromStationTelecode': start_station,
        'toStationTelecode': end_station,
        'leftTicket': ticket_info_for_passenger_form['leftTicketStr'],
        'purpose_codes': '00',
        'train_location': ticket_info_for_passenger_form['train_location'],
        '_json_att': '',
        'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': global_submit_token
    }
    response = s.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, verify=False)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    if result['status'] == True:
        if int(result['data']['ticket']) > 0:
            return True, result['data']['ticket']
        else:
            return False, 0
    else:
        return False, 0

# 提交订单
def confirm_single_for_queue(ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token, passenger_info, ticket_count):
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue'
    data = {
        'passengerTicketStr': passenger_info['passengerTicketStr'],
        'oldPassengerStr': passenger_info['oldPassengerStr'],
        'randCode': '',
        'purpose_codes': '00',
        'key_check_isChange': ticket_info_for_passenger_form['key_check_isChange'],
        'leftTicketStr': ticket_info_for_passenger_form['leftTicketStr'],
        'train_location': ticket_info_for_passenger_form['train_location'],
        'choose_seats': '',
        'seatDetailType': '000',
        'whatsSelect': '1',
        'roomType': '00',
        'dwAll': 'N',
        '_json_att': '',
        'REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN': global_submit_token
    }
    response = s.post(url, headers=headers, data=data, verify=False)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    if result['status'] == True:
        orderId = result['data']['orderId']
        return orderId
    else:
        return False

# 轮询等待订单结果
def query_order_wait_time(orderId):
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random={}&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN={}&orderId={}'.format(int(time.time() * 1000), global_submit_token, orderId)
    response = s.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
    result = json.loads(response.text)
    if result['status'] == True:
        if result['data']['waitTime'] == -1:
            if result['data']['orderStatus'] == 2:
                return True
            else:
                return False
        else:
            time.sleep(5)
            return query_order_wait_time(orderId)
    else:
        return False

# 主函数
def main():
    while True:
        left_ticket = get_ticket_info(train_date, start_station, end_station, train_number)
        if left_ticket != '无' and int(left_ticket) > 0:
            print('当前余票数量为：{}'.format(left_ticket))
            if submit_order_request():
                print('提交订单成功！')
                ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token, passenger_info = get_passenger_info()
                if check_order_info(ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token, passenger_info):
                    print('检查订单信息成功！')
                    flag, ticket_count = get_queue_count(train_date, train_number, start_station, end_station, ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token)
                    if flag:
                        print('排队成功，当前排队人数为{}'.format(ticket_count))
                        orderId = confirm_single_for_queue(ticket_info_for_passenger_form, global_submit_token, passenger_info, ticket_count)
                        if orderId:
                            print('下单成功，订单号为：{}'.format(orderId))
                            if query_order_wait_time(orderId):
                                print('支付成功！')
                                break
                            else:
                                print('支付失败！')
                    else:
                        print('排队失败！')
                else:
                    print('检查订单信息失败！')
            else:
                print('提交订单失败！')
        else:
            print('当前余票不足，正在重试...')
        time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

需要注意的是，12306的API接口随时可能会发生变化，所以具体的实现方式可能需要根据最新的接口文档进行调整。