java继承优化电子宠物

对于电子宠物这样的应用程序，可以考虑使用面向对象编程中的继承来优化代码。

首先，定义一个基类Pet，包含宠物的一些通用属性和方法，比如名字、年龄、体重、喂食、运动等。

然后，可以定义不同种类的宠物，比如Dog、Cat、Fish等，它们都继承自Pet类，并可以添加自己特有的属性和方法，比如不同种类的宠物可以有不同的叫声、喜欢的玩具等。

在实现继承时，可以使用Java中的extends关键字，如下所示：

public class Pet {
    protected String name;
    protected int age;
    protected double weight;
    
    public void feed() {
        System.out.println("Feeding " + name + "...");
    }
    
    public void play() {
        System.out.println("Playing with " + name + "...");
    }
}

public class Dog extends Pet {
    private String barkSound;
    
    public Dog(String name, int age, double weight, String barkSound) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.weight = weight;
        this.barkSound = barkSound;
    }
    
    public void bark() {
        System.out.println(name + " barks: " + barkSound);
    }
}

public class Cat extends Pet {
    private String meowSound;
    
    public Cat(String name, int age, double weight, String meowSound) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.weight = weight;
        this.meowSound = meowSound;
    }
    
    public void meow() {
        System.out.println(name + " meows: " + meowSound);
    }
}

public class Fish extends Pet {
    private String swimStyle;
    
    public Fish(String name, int age, double weight, String swimStyle) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.weight = weight;
        this.swimStyle = swimStyle;
    }
    
    public void swim() {
        System.out.println(name + " swims: " + swimStyle);
    }
}

这样，我们可以创建不同种类的宠物对象，并对其进行操作：

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy", 2, 10.5, "Woof woof!");
        Cat cat = new Cat("Fluffy", 3, 5.8, "Meow meow!");
        Fish fish = new Fish("Goldie", 1, 0.3, "Freestyle");
        
        dog.feed();
        cat.play();
        fish.swim();
        
        dog.bark();
        cat.meow();
    }
}

这样的设计可以使代码更加清晰、易于维护和扩展。