使用基于token的认证
时间: 2023-08-09 07:06:34 浏览: 160
基于token的认证是一种常见的身份验证方式,其基本思想是在用户登录成功后,服务器颁发一个令牌(token),并将该令牌发送给客户端,客户端将该令牌保存起来,以后每次向服务器发送请求时,都需要将该令牌携带在请求头中,以便服务器根据令牌来验证用户的身份。这种方式相对于传统的基于cookie的认证方式,具有更好的安全性和可扩展性,因为token不会被浏览器自动发送,而且可以方便地扩展为分布式系统。
相关问题
能帮我写一个基于token认证的drf的认证代码吗
### 回答1:
当然可以! 下面是一个使用 `TokenAuthentication` 的例子:
```
from rest_framework.authentication import TokenAuthentication
class ExampleView(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TokenAuthentication]
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
def get(self, request, format=None):
content = {
'status': 'request was permitted'
}
return Response(content)
```
这段代码中,我们使用 `TokenAuthentication` 作为认证类,并使用 `IsAuthenticated` 权限类。这样,只有在认证成功时,才会允许请求通过。
希望这能帮到你!
### 回答2:
当然可以帮你写一个基于token认证的DRF(Django Rest Framework)的认证代码。首先,确保你已经在Django的MIDDLEWARE设置中添加了以下中间件:
```python
MIDDLEWARE = [
...
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
...
]
```
然后,在你的项目的设置文件(settings.py)中,添加REST_FRAMEWORK的配置项:
```python
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',
],
}
```
接下来,创建一个自定义的认证类,用于处理token认证逻辑。在你的应用的认证文件(auth.py)里面,添加如下代码:
```python
from rest_framework.authentication import TokenAuthentication
from rest_framework import exceptions
class CustomTokenAuthentication(TokenAuthentication):
def authenticate_credentials(self, key):
model = self.get_model()
try:
token = model.objects.get(key=key)
except model.DoesNotExist:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('Invalid token')
if not token.user.is_active:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('User inactive or deleted')
return (token.user, token)
```
然后,在你的视图文件(views.py)中,使用这个自定义的认证类进行认证:
```python
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication
from .auth import CustomTokenAuthentication
class ExampleView(APIView):
authentication_classes = [CustomTokenAuthentication, SessionAuthentication]
def get(self, request, format=None):
# 处理GET请求的逻辑
...
```
这样,你的DRF视图就使用了基于token认证的自定义认证类了。
注意,你还需要在数据库中创建Token模型,并在每次用户登录或注册时生成一个唯一的token,并将其保存在数据库中。另外,需要为每个用户关联一个token。
### 回答3:
当然可以帮您编写一个基于Token认证的Django REST framework(DRF)的认证代码。
首先,您需要在DRF的设置文件中启用Token认证。在settings.py中添加以下内容:
```python
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',
],
}
```
接下来,您需要创建一个用于Token认证的自定义视图。在您的views.py文件中添加以下代码:
```python
from rest_framework.authtoken.views import ObtainAuthToken
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
from rest_framework.response import Response
class CustomAuthToken(ObtainAuthToken):
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.serializer_class(data=request.data, context={'request': request})
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
user = serializer.validated_data['user']
token, created = Token.objects.get_or_create(user=user)
return Response({'token': token.key})
```
这个自定义视图继承自DRF自带的ObtainAuthToken视图,并覆写了post方法。在post方法中,我们验证用户的凭证,然后获取或创建对应的Token,并返回给用户。
最后,您需要将自定义视图添加到URL路由中。在您的urls.py文件中添加以下代码:
```python
from .views import CustomAuthToken
urlpatterns = [
# ...其他URL配置...
path('api/token-auth/', CustomAuthToken.as_view(), name='token_auth'),
]
```
配置完以上代码后,您可以向`/api/token-auth/` URL发送POST请求,包含正确的用户名和密码,即可获得Token作为响应。
以上就是一个基于Token认证的DRF认证代码的示例。您可以根据自己的项目需求进行调整和扩展。希望能够帮到您!
websocket配合spring-security使用token认证
可以通过在Spring Security中配置一个Token认证过滤器来实现基于WebSocket的Token认证。具体步骤如下:
1. 创建一个TokenAuthenticationFilter类,继承自OncePerRequestFilter并实现doFilterInternal方法。该类负责检查请求中是否包含有效的Token,并进行相应的认证处理。
```java
public class TokenAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final TokenProvider tokenProvider;
public TokenAuthenticationFilter(TokenProvider tokenProvider) {
this.tokenProvider = tokenProvider;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String token = getTokenFromRequest(request);
if (StringUtils.hasText(token) && tokenProvider.validateToken(token)) {
Authentication authentication = tokenProvider.getAuthentication(token);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
}
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
private String getTokenFromRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
String bearerToken = request.getHeader("Authorization");
if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
return bearerToken.substring(7);
}
return null;
}
}
```
2. 创建一个TokenProvider类,用于生成Token和验证Token的有效性,并根据Token获取用户信息。
```java
@Component
public class TokenProvider {
private static final String SECRET_KEY = "my-secret-key";
private static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 86400000; // 1 day
public String generateToken(Authentication authentication) {
UserPrincipal principal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();
Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRATION_TIME);
return Jwts.builder()
.setSubject(Long.toString(principal.getId()))
.setIssuedAt(new Date())
.setExpiration(expirationDate)
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET_KEY)
.compact();
}
public boolean validateToken(String token) {
try {
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(token);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) {
Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
Long userId = Long.parseLong(claims.getSubject());
UserPrincipal principal = new UserPrincipal(userId);
return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, "", principal.getAuthorities());
}
}
```
3. 在配置类中注册TokenAuthenticationFilter和TokenProvider,并将TokenAuthenticationFilter添加到Spring Security的过滤器链中。
```java
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
@Autowired
private TokenProvider tokenProvider;
@Override
public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
}
@Override
public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
registry.addEndpoint("/ws").setAllowedOriginPatterns("*").withSockJS();
}
@Override
public void configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
registration.interceptors(new ChannelInterceptorAdapter() {
@Override
public Message<?> preSend(Message<?> message, MessageChannel channel) {
StompHeaderAccessor accessor = MessageHeaderAccessor.getAccessor(message, StompHeaderAccessor.class);
if (StompCommand.CONNECT.equals(accessor.getCommand())) {
String token = accessor.getFirstNativeHeader("Authorization");
if (StringUtils.hasText(token) && token.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
token = token.substring(7);
TokenAuthenticationFilter filter = new TokenAuthenticationFilter(tokenProvider);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(filter.getAuthentication(token));
}
}
return message;
}
});
}
@Override
public void configureClientOutboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
}
@Override
public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers) {
}
@Override
public void addReturnValueHandlers(List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> returnValueHandlers) {
}
@Override
public boolean configureMessageConverters(List<MessageConverter> messageConverters) {
return true;
}
@Override
public void configureWebSocketTransport(WebSocketTransportRegistration registry) {
}
@Bean
public TokenAuthenticationFilter tokenAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
TokenAuthenticationFilter filter = new TokenAuthenticationFilter(tokenProvider);
filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManager());
return filter;
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable().authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService())
.passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Bean
@Override
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManagerBean();
}
@Override
@Bean
public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
return new UserDetailsServiceImpl();
}
}
```
在上述代码中,我们通过重写configureClientInboundChannel方法,在连接到WebSocket时获取请求中的Token,并使用TokenAuthenticationFilter进行认证。注意,我们需要将TokenAuthenticationFilter添加到Spring Security的过滤器链中,以便它能够在WebSocket连接期间对请求进行拦截。
最后,我们需要在客户端的连接请求中添加Authorization头部,以便在服务端进行Token认证。例如:
```javascript
stompClient.connect({},
function(frame) {
console.log('Connected: ' + frame);
stompClient.subscribe('/topic/greetings', function(greeting) {
showGreeting(JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);
});
},
function(error) {
console.log('Error: ' + error);
},
{"Authorization": "Bearer " + token});
```
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