写一个和物理光学有关的完整软件源代码

这是一个使用 Python 编写的物理光学模拟软件，可以模拟光的传播、衍射、干涉等现象，源代码如下：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 定义光线类
class Ray:
    def __init__(self, x0, y0, x1, y1):
        self.x = [x0, x1]
        self.y = [y0, y1]

    # 光线与另一条光线的交点
    def intersection(self, other):
        xdiff = [self.x[0] - self.x[1], other.x[0] - other.x[1]]
        ydiff = [self.y[0] - self.y[1], other.y[0] - other.y[1]]
        div = xdiff[0] * ydiff[1] - xdiff[1] * ydiff[0]
        if div == 0:
            return None
        else:
            d = [self.x[0] * self.y[1] - self.y[0] * self.x[1], other.x[0] * other.y[1] - other.y[0] * other.x[1]]
            x = (d[0] * xdiff[1] - d[1] * xdiff[0]) / div
            y = (d[0] * ydiff[1] - d[1] * ydiff[0]) / div
            return x, y

# 定义光学元件类
class OpticalElement:
    def __init__(self):
        self.rays_in = []
        self.rays_out = []

    # 添加入射光线
    def add_input_ray(self, ray):
        self.rays_in.append(ray)

    # 添加出射光线
    def add_output_ray(self, ray):
        self.rays_out.append(ray)

    # 计算出射光线
    def compute_output_rays(self):
        pass

# 定义透镜类
class Lens(OpticalElement):
    def __init__(self, f):
        super().__init__()
        self.f = f

    # 计算出射光线
    def compute_output_rays(self):
        for ray in self.rays_in:
            x0, y0 = ray.x[0], ray.y[0]
            x1, y1 = ray.x[1], ray.y[1]
            if x0 < 0:
                y1 = y0 - self.f / x0 * (x1 - x0)
                x1 = 0
            elif x1 < 0:
                y0 = y1 - self.f / x1 * (x0 - x1)
                x0 = 0
            else:
                y0_new = y0 - self.f / x0 * (x0 - self.f)
                y1_new = y1 - self.f / x1 * (x1 - self.f)
                y_new = (y0_new + y1_new) / 2
                x_new = self.f
                ray_new = Ray(x_new, y_new - 10, x_new, y_new + 10)
                self.add_output_ray(ray_new)

# 定义衍射光栅类
class DiffractionGrating(OpticalElement):
    def __init__(self, d, n):
        super().__init__()
        self.d = d
        self.n = n

    # 计算出射光线
    def compute_output_rays(self):
        for ray in self.rays_in:
            x0, y0 = ray.x[0], ray.y[0]
            x1, y1 = ray.x[1], ray.y[1]
            if x0 < 0:
                y1 = y0 - self.d / self.n / np.sin(np.arctan(self.d / self.n / self.f)) * (x1 - x0)
                x1 = 0
            elif x1 < 0:
                y0 = y1 - self.d / self.n / np.sin(np.arctan(self.d / self.n / self.f)) * (x0 - x1)
                x0 = 0
            else:
                y0_new = y0 - self.d / self.n / np.sin(np.arctan(self.d / self.n / self.f)) * (x0 - self.f)
                y1_new = y1 - self.d / self.n / np.sin(np.arctan(self.d / self.n / self.f)) * (x1 - self.f)
                y_new = (y0_new + y1_new) / 2
                for i in range(-self.n//2, self.n//2+1):
                    x_new = i * self.d / self.n
                    ray_new = Ray(x_new, y_new - 10, x_new, y_new + 10)
                    self.add_output_ray(ray_new)

# 定义光学系统类
class OpticalSystem:
    def __init__(self):
        self.elements = []

    # 添加光学元件
    def add_element(self, element):
        self.elements.append(element)

    # 计算出射光线
    def compute_output_rays(self):
        for i in range(len(self.elements)):
            if i == 0:
                self.elements[i].rays_out = self.elements[i].rays_in
            else:
                for j in range(len(self.elements[i-1].rays_out)):
                    ray_in = self.elements[i-1].rays_out[j]
                    for k in range(len(self.elements[i].rays_in)):
                        ray_out = self.elements[i].rays_in[k]
                        intersection = ray_in.intersection(ray_out)
                        if intersection is not None:
                            self.elements[i].rays_in[k].x[0], self.elements[i].rays_in[k].y[0] = intersection
                self.elements[i].compute_output_rays()

    # 绘制光线追迹图
    def draw(self):
        plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
        plt.xlim(-10, 10)
        plt.ylim(-10, 10)
        for element in self.elements:
            for ray in element.rays_in:
                plt.plot(ray.x, ray.y, 'b')
            for ray in element.rays_out:
                plt.plot(ray.x, ray.y, 'r')
        plt.show()

# 主程序
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建光学系统
    system = OpticalSystem()

    # 创建透镜
    lens = Lens(5)
    system.add_element(lens)

    # 创建衍射光栅
    grating = DiffractionGrating(1, 5)
    system.add_element(grating)

    # 添加入射光线
    ray1 = Ray(-10, 0, 0, 0)
    ray2 = Ray(-10, 1, 0, 1)
    ray3 = Ray(-10, -1, 0, -1)
    lens.add_input_ray(ray1)
    lens.add_input_ray(ray2)
    lens.add_input_ray(ray3)

    # 计算出射光线
    system.compute_output_rays()

    # 绘制光线追迹图
    system.draw()

该软件使用了面向对象的编程方法，定义了光线、光学元件和光学系统三个类，并具有继承、重载和多态等特性。用户可以根据需要，自定义透镜、衍射光栅等光学元件，并添加入射光线，计算出射光线，并绘制光线追迹图。