运用c++语言进行编写这一个人收支管理

好的，下面是一个简单的 C++ 代码示例，实现了上述课程设计的基本要求和拓展功能：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

struct Record {
    int id;
    string date;
    string type;
    double amount;
    double balance;
    string currency;
    string category;
    string note;
};

vector<Record> records;

void addRecord(bool isIncome) {
    Record r;
    r.id = records.size() + 1;
    r.type = isIncome ? "收入" : "支出";
    cout << "请输入日期（格式为YYYY-MM-DD）：";
    cin >> r.date;
    cout << "请输入金额：";
    cin >> r.amount;
    cout << "请输入货币种类：";
    cin >> r.currency;
    cout << "请输入分类：";
    cin >> r.category;
    cout << "请输入备注：";
    cin >> r.note;
    if (records.empty()) {
        r.balance = r.amount;
    } else {
        Record& last = records.back();
        r.balance = last.balance + (isIncome ? r.amount : -r.amount);
    }
    records.push_back(r);
    cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
}

void showRecords(const vector<Record>& rs) {
    cout << "+----+------------+--------+----------+----------+--------------+----------------+------------------------+" << endl;
    cout << "| ID |    日期    |  类型  |   金额   |   余额   |   货币种类   |      分类      |           备注           |" << endl;
    cout << "+----+------------+--------+----------+----------+--------------+----------------+------------------------+" << endl;
    for (const auto& r : rs) {
        cout << "| " << setw(2) << r.id
             << " | " << setw(10) << r.date
             << " | " << setw(6) << r.type
             << " | " << setw(8) << fixed << setprecision(2) << r.amount
             << " | " << setw(8) << fixed << setprecision(2) << r.balance
             << " | " << setw(12) << r.currency
             << " | " << setw(14) << r.category
             << " | " << setw(24) << r.note
             << " |" << endl;
    }
    cout << "+----+------------+--------+----------+----------+--------------+----------------+------------------------+" << endl;
}

void showDetail() {
    cout << "请输入起始日期（格式为YYYY-MM-DD）：";
    string start, end;
    cin >> start;
    cout << "请输入结束日期（格式为YYYY-MM-DD）：";
    cin >> end;
    vector<Record> rs;
    for (const auto& r : records) {
        if (r.date >= start && r.date <= end) {
            rs.push_back(r);
        }
    }
    if (rs.empty()) {
        cout << "没有符合条件的记录！" << endl;
    } else {
        showRecords(rs);
    }
}

void showSummary(bool byMonth) {
    cout << "请输入年份：";
    int year;
    cin >> year;
    vector<string> dates;
    for (const auto& r : records) {
        if (stoi(r.date.substr(0, 4)) == year) {
            string date = byMonth ? r.date.substr(0, 7) : r.date.substr(0, 4);
            if (find(dates.begin(), dates.end(), date) == dates.end()) {
                dates.push_back(date);
            }
        }
    }
    if (dates.empty()) {
        cout << "没有符合条件的记录！" << endl;
        return;
    }
    cout << "+--------------+----------+----------+" << endl;
    cout << "|     日期     |   收入   |   支出   |" << endl;
    cout << "+--------------+----------+----------+" << endl;
    double totalIncome = 0;
    double totalExpense = 0;
    for (const auto& date : dates) {
        double income = 0;
        double expense = 0;
        for (const auto& r : records) {
            if (byMonth && r.date.substr(0, 7) == date || !byMonth && r.date.substr(0, 4) == date) {
                if (r.type == "收入") {
                    income += r.amount;
                } else {
                    expense += r.amount;
                }
            }
        }
        totalIncome += income;
        totalExpense += expense;
        cout << "| " << setw(12) << date
             << " | " << setw(8) << fixed << setprecision(2) << income
             << " | " << setw(8) << fixed << setprecision(2) << expense
             << " |" << endl;
    }
    cout << "+--------------+----------+----------+" << endl;
    cout << "| 总计         | "
         << setw(8) << fixed << setprecision(2) << totalIncome << " | "
         << setw(8) << fixed << setprecision(2) << totalExpense << " |" << endl;
    cout << "+--------------+----------+----------+" << endl;
}

void saveToFile() {
    ofstream ofs("records.txt");
    for (const auto& r : records) {
        ofs << r.id << " " << r.date << " " << r.type << " " << r.amount << " " << r.balance << " "
            << r.currency << " " << r.category << " " << r.note << endl;
    }
    ofs.close();
    cout << "保存成功！" << endl;
}

void loadFromFile() {
    ifstream ifs("records.txt");
    if (!ifs) {
        cout << "文件不存在！" << endl;
        return;
    }
    records.clear();
    string line;
    while (getline(ifs, line)) {
        Record r;
        sscanf(line.c_str(), "%d %s %s %lf %lf %s %s %s",
               &r.id, &r.date[0], &r.type[0], &r.amount, &r.balance, &r.currency[0], &r.category[0], &r.note[0]);
        records.push_back(r);
    }
    ifs.close();
    cout << "读取成功！" << endl;
}

int main() {
    while (true) {
        cout << "请选择操作：" << endl;
        cout << "1. 添加收入记录" << endl;
        cout << "2. 添加支出记录" << endl;
        cout << "3. 显示所有记录" << endl;
        cout << "4. 显示明细表" << endl;
        cout << "5. 按月统计收支情况" << endl;
        cout << "6. 按年统计收支情况" << endl;
        cout << "7. 保存数据到文件" << endl;
        cout << "8. 从文件读取数据" << endl;
        cout << "0. 退出程序" << endl;
        int choice;
        cin >> choice;
        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                addRecord(true);
                break;
            case 2:
                addRecord(false);
                break;
            case 3:
                showRecords(records);
                break;
            case 4:
                showDetail();
                break;
            case 5:
                showSummary(true);
                break;
            case 6:
                showSummary(false);
                break;
            case 7:
                saveToFile();
                break;
            case 8:
                loadFromFile();
                break;
            case 0:
                return 0;
            default:
                cout << "无效的输入！" << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

这段代码使用了结构体 `Record` 来存储每一条记录的信息，使用了 STL 容器 `vector` 来存储所有记录，利用了 C++11 的字符串格式化和输出格式控制来美化输出结果，同时也实现了文件保存和读取的功能。如果你有任何问题，可以随时问我。