TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

This error occurs when the code is trying to perform a string operation on a bytes-like object. In Python, strings are represented as bytes, and bytes are represented as strings. However, they are not interchangeable.

To resolve this error, you can convert the string to bytes using the encode() method, or convert the bytes to string using the decode() method. Here's an example:

# Converting string to bytes
string = "Hello World"
byte_string = string.encode()
print(byte_string)

# Converting bytes to string
byte_string = b'Hello World'
string = byte_string.decode()
print(string)

Output:
b'Hello World'
Hello World

Note that the encoding and decoding method used should be the same, otherwise you may get a UnicodeDecodeError or UnicodeEncodeError.