UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xc0 in position 12: illegal multibyte sequence

This error occurs when Python tries to decode a string using the 'gbk' codec, but encounters a byte sequence that is not valid according to the 'gbk' encoding rules.

The error message specifically indicates that the byte 0xc0, which appears in position 12 of the byte sequence being decoded, is causing the problem. This byte is considered "illegal" because it does not conform to the expected format for a multibyte character in the 'gbk' encoding.

To resolve this error, you may need to adjust the encoding used to read or write the string data in your Python code. If the data you are working with is in a different encoding, you may need to convert it to 'gbk' or another compatible encoding before processing it with Python. Alternatively, you may need to modify your code to handle unexpected byte sequences or to use a different encoding that is better suited for your data.