linux v4l2的buffer如何申请?

时间: 2023-05-20 19:03:46 浏览: 68
在使用 Linux V4L2 进行视频采集时,需要先申请一个或多个缓冲区。可以通过以下步骤来申请缓冲区: 1. 使用 VIDIOC_REQBUFS 命令向驱动程序发送请求,指定需要申请的缓冲区数量和类型。 2. 驱动程序根据请求的参数,分配一定数量的缓冲区,并返回每个缓冲区的信息,包括缓冲区的地址、大小等。 3. 应用程序根据返回的缓冲区信息,使用 mmap 函数将每个缓冲区映射到自己的地址空间中。 4. 应用程序可以使用这些缓冲区进行视频采集和处理。 需要注意的是,申请缓冲区时需要根据视频格式和分辨率等参数进行设置,以确保缓冲区能够正确地存储视频数据。
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v4l2_buffer

v4l2_buffer 是一个在 Linux 内核中使用的结构体,用于描述视频缓冲区的信息。V4L2(Video for Linux 2)是一个用于视频设备的内核接口。 该结构体的定义如下: ```c struct v4l2_buffer { __u32 index; // 缓冲区索引号 __u32 type; // 缓冲区所属的数据流类型 __u32 bytesused; // 已使用的字节数 __u32 flags; // 缓冲区状态标志 struct timeval timestamp; // 缓冲区时间戳 struct v4l2_timecode timecode; // 缓冲区时间码 __u32 sequence; // 缓冲区序列号 __u32 memory; // 缓冲区所在的内存类型 union { __u32 offset; // 缓冲区在内存中的偏移量 unsigned long userptr; // 用户空间缓冲区指针 struct v4l2_plane *planes; // 多平面缓冲区的指针 int fd; // 文件描述符 } m; __u32 length; // 缓冲区的长度(字节数) __u32 field; // 采集或输出的场序号 __u32 sequence; // 当前帧的序列号 }; ``` 通过使用 v4l2_buffer 结构体,可以获取视频缓冲区的相关信息,比如缓冲区索引号、已使用的字节数、缓冲区状态标志、时间戳等。根据不同的使用场景,可以通过设置结构体的字段来传递参数给视频设备驱动程序,并获取视频数据。 v4l2_buffer 结构体中的 memory 字段指示了缓冲区所在的内存类型,可以是 V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP(使用 mmap 映射到用户空间)、V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR(用户空间缓冲区指针)或 V4L2_MEMORY_DMABUF(DMA 缓冲区)等。 希望以上信息能够帮助到你!如果还有其他问题,请随时提问。

v4l2 opencv qt

V4L2 (Video for Linux 2) is a kernel API that provides an interface for capturing and manipulating video devices on Linux. OpenCV is a widely used computer vision library that provides various functionalities for image and video processing. Qt is a cross-platform application framework that allows you to develop graphical user interfaces. If you want to work with V4L2, OpenCV, and Qt together, you can use OpenCV to capture video frames from a V4L2 device and then use Qt to display the captured frames in a graphical user interface. Here are the steps you can follow: 1. Install the necessary libraries: - Install V4L2 library: `sudo apt-get install libv4l-dev` - Install OpenCV library: You can either download it from the official website or install it using package manager (e.g., `pip install opencv-python`) 2. Include the required headers in your C++ code: ```cpp #include <linux/videodev2.h> // V4L2 headers #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp> // OpenCV headers #include <QtWidgets/QApplication> // Qt headers ``` 3. Use V4L2 to capture video frames: ```cpp int fd; fd = open("/dev/video0", O_RDWR); // Open the V4L2 device // Set up video capture parameters struct v4l2_format fmt; // ... // Request buffers from the V4L2 device struct v4l2_requestbuffers reqbuf; // ... // Queue the buffers for capturing struct v4l2_buffer buf; // ... // Start capturing frames enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type); // Capture frames for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; ++i) { // Dequeue a buffer // ... // Process the captured frame using OpenCV cv::Mat frame; // ... // Display the frame using Qt QImage image(frame.data, frame.cols, frame.rows, QImage::Format_RGB888); // ... } // Cleanup and close the V4L2 device // ... ``` 4. Use Qt to display the frames: ```cpp QApplication app(argc, argv); QWidget window; QLabel label(&window); label.setFixedSize(frame.cols, frame.rows); label.setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(image)); label.show(); return app.exec(); ``` Remember to handle error checking, memory management, and other necessary operations according to your application's needs.

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以下是一个简单的使用v4l2调用摄像头的Linux C语言代码示例: c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include #define CAMERA_DEVICE "/dev/video0" #define CAPTURE_FILE "capture.yuv" #define IMAGE_WIDTH 640 #define IMAGE_HEIGHT 480 #define BUFFER_COUNT 4 struct buffer { void *start; size_t length; }; static struct buffer buffers[BUFFER_COUNT]; static int camera_fd = -1; static int init_camera() { struct v4l2_capability cap; struct v4l2_format fmt; struct v4l2_requestbuffers req; struct v4l2_buffer buf; unsigned int i; camera_fd = open(CAMERA_DEVICE, O_RDWR); if (camera_fd == -1) { perror("Failed to open camera device"); return -1; } if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) { perror("Failed to query camera capabilities"); return -1; } if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) { fprintf(stderr, "Camera device does not support video capture\n"); return -1; } if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) { fprintf(stderr, "Camera device does not support streaming I/O\n"); return -1; } memset(&fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt)); fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; fmt.fmt.pix.width = IMAGE_WIDTH; fmt.fmt.pix.height = IMAGE_HEIGHT; fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV; fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED; if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1) { perror("Failed to set camera format"); return -1; } memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req)); req.count = BUFFER_COUNT; req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) == -1) { perror("Failed to request camera buffers"); return -1; } for (i = 0; i < req.count; i++) { memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Failed to query camera buffer"); return -1; } buffers[i].length = buf.length; buffers[i].start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, camera_fd, buf.m.offset); if (buffers[i].start == MAP_FAILED) { perror("Failed to map camera buffer"); return -1; } } for (i = 0; i < req.count; i++) { memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Failed to enqueue camera buffer"); return -1; } } return 0; } static int start_capture() { enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) == -1) { perror("Failed to start camera capture"); return -1; } return 0; } static int stop_capture() { enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type) == -1) { perror("Failed to stop camera capture"); return -1; } return 0; } static int capture_image() { fd_set fds; struct timeval tv; struct v4l2_buffer buf; unsigned int i; int ret; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(camera_fd, &fds); tv.tv_sec = 2; tv.tv_usec = 0; ret = select(camera_fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (ret == -1) { perror("Failed to wait for camera capture"); return -1; } if (ret == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Camera capture timeout\n"); return -1; } memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Failed to dequeue camera buffer"); return -1; } FILE *fp = fopen(CAPTURE_FILE, "wb"); if (fp == NULL) { perror("Failed to open capture file"); return -1; } fwrite(buffers[buf.index].start, buf.bytesused, 1, fp); fclose(fp); if (ioctl(camera_fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Failed to enqueue camera buffer"); return -1; } return 0; } static void cleanup_camera() { unsigned int i; for (i = 0; i < BUFFER_COUNT; i++) { if (munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length) == -1) { perror("Failed to unmap camera buffer"); } } if (camera_fd != -1) { close(camera_fd); } } int main() { if (init_camera() == -1) { return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (start_capture() == -1) { cleanup_camera(); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (capture_image() == -1) { stop_capture(); cleanup_camera(); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (stop_capture() == -1) { cleanup_camera(); return EXIT_FAILURE; } cleanup_camera(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } 这个程序使用v4l2接口从摄像头捕获一张图像,并将其保存为YUV格式的文件。你可以根据需要修改图像的宽度、高度和像素格式。
要在Qt C++中显示摄像头,请使用Video for Linux 2(V4L2)API。 以下是显示摄像头的基本步骤: 1. 打开摄像头设备: c++ int fd = open("/dev/video0", O_RDWR); if (fd == -1) { perror("Error opening device"); return -1; } 2. 查询摄像头设备的参数: c++ struct v4l2_capability cap; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) { perror("Error querying device capabilities"); return -1; } 3. 设置摄像头设备的参数,如图像格式、分辨率、帧率等: c++ struct v4l2_format fmt; memset(&fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt)); fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640; fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480; fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV; fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1) { perror("Error setting device format"); return -1; } 4. 创建视频缓冲区: c++ struct v4l2_requestbuffers req; memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req)); req.count = 4; req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) == -1) { perror("Error requesting buffers"); return -1; } struct buffer { void *start; size_t length; }; buffer *buffers = new buffer[req.count]; for (int i = 0; i < req.count; ++i) { v4l2_buffer buf; memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Error querying buffer"); return -1; } buffers[i].length = buf.length; buffers[i].start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset); if (buffers[i].start == MAP_FAILED) { perror("Error mapping buffer"); return -1; } } 5. 开始视频采集: c++ for (int i = 0; i < req.count; ++i) { v4l2_buffer buf; memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Error queuing buffer"); return -1; } } enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) == -1) { perror("Error starting stream"); return -1; } 6. 读取视频数据并显示: c++ while (true) { fd_set fds; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(fd, &fds); timeval tv = {0}; tv.tv_sec = 2; int r = select(fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (r == -1) { perror("Error waiting for frame"); return -1; } else if (r == 0) { perror("Timeout waiting for frame"); return -1; } v4l2_buffer buf; memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Error dequeuing buffer"); return -1; } // buf.index is the index of the buffer that contains the captured frame // buffers[buf.index].start contains the frame data // buffers[buf.index].length contains the length of the frame data // Display the frame using Qt or other libraries if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Error queuing buffer"); return -1; } } 以上是基本的代码框架,你可以根据需要进行修改和优化。注意,这里没有包含错误处理和资源释放的代码,你需要自己添加。
以下是一个基于v4l2摄像头的图片采集的示例代码,仅供参考: c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include #define WIDTH 640 #define HEIGHT 480 #define BUFFER_COUNT 4 struct buffer { void *start; size_t length; }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int fd; struct v4l2_capability cap; struct v4l2_format fmt; struct v4l2_requestbuffers reqbuf; struct v4l2_buffer buf; enum v4l2_buf_type type; struct buffer *buffers; unsigned char *image; int i, j; // 打开摄像头设备文件 fd = open("/dev/video0", O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) { perror("open"); return -1; } // 查询摄像头设备信息 if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } // 设置摄像头格式 memset(&fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt)); fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; fmt.fmt.pix.width = WIDTH; fmt.fmt.pix.height = HEIGHT; fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV; fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } // 分配摄像头缓冲区 memset(&reqbuf, 0, sizeof(reqbuf)); reqbuf.count = BUFFER_COUNT; reqbuf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; reqbuf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &reqbuf) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } // 映射摄像头缓冲区 buffers = calloc(reqbuf.count, sizeof(*buffers)); for (i = 0; i < reqbuf.count; i++) { memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } buffers[i].length = buf.length; buffers[i].start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset); if (buffers[i].start == MAP_FAILED) { perror("mmap"); return -1; } } // 启动摄像头采集 for (i = 0; i < reqbuf.count; i++) { memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } } type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } // 采集图像数据 buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } image = buffers[buf.index].start; // 处理图像数据 // TODO: 在这里进行图像处理,例如图像增强、降噪、裁剪等 // 保存图像数据到文件 FILE *fp = fopen("image.raw", "wb"); fwrite(image, 1, WIDTH * HEIGHT * 2, fp); fclose(fp); // 停止摄像头采集 if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type) < 0) { perror("ioctl"); return -1; } // 释放缓冲区 for (i = 0; i < reqbuf.count; i++) { munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length); } free(buffers); // 关闭摄像头设备文件 close(fd); return 0; } 该示例代码演示了如何基于v4l2摄像头采集图像数据,并将采集的数据保存为文件。需要注意的是,该示例代码中没有进行任何图像处理,具体的图像处理操作可以根据需要在代码中添加。同时,具体的设备文件路径和摄像头参数设置需要根据实际情况进行修改。
以下是一个简单的v4l2打开摄像头的C代码示例: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include #define CAMERA_DEVICE "/dev/video0" struct buffer { void *start; size_t length; }; int main(int argc, char **argv) { int fd = -1; struct buffer *buffers = NULL; unsigned int n_buffers = 0; // 1. 打开摄像头设备 fd = open(CAMERA_DEVICE, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK, 0); if (fd == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error opening device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); return EXIT_FAILURE; } // 2. 查询摄像头设备信息 struct v4l2_capability cap; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error querying device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } // 3. 设置摄像头采集格式 struct v4l2_format fmt; memset(&fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt)); fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640; fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480; fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV; fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error setting format on device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } // 4. 请求摄像头缓冲区 struct v4l2_requestbuffers req; memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req)); req.count = 4; req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error requesting buffers on device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } // 5. 映射摄像头缓冲区到用户空间 buffers = calloc(req.count, sizeof(*buffers)); if (buffers == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating memory for buffers: %d, %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < req.count; n_buffers++) { struct v4l2_buffer buf; memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = n_buffers; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error querying buffer %d on device %s: %d, %s\n", n_buffers, CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length; buffers[n_buffers].start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset); if (buffers[n_buffers].start == MAP_FAILED) { fprintf(stderr, "Error mapping buffer %d on device %s: %d, %s\n", n_buffers, CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } } // 6. 启动摄像头采集 enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error starting capture on device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } // 7. 采集图像并处理 printf("Press Ctrl-C to stop.\n"); while (1) { fd_set fds; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(fd, &fds); struct timeval tv = {0}; tv.tv_sec = 2; int r = select(fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (r == -1) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; fprintf(stderr, "Error waiting for frame on device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } if (r == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error waiting for frame on device %s: select timeout\n", CAMERA_DEVICE); goto fail; } struct v4l2_buffer buf; memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error dequeueing buffer on device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } // 在这里处理采集到的图像数据 printf("Got a frame with %d bytes\n", buf.bytesused); if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Error queueing buffer on device %s: %d, %s\n", CAMERA_DEVICE, errno, strerror(errno)); goto fail; } } return EXIT_SUCCESS; fail: if (buffers != NULL) { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n_buffers; i++) { if (buffers[i].start != MAP_FAILED) munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length); } free(buffers); } if (fd != -1) close(fd); return EXIT_FAILURE; }
好的,以下是一个基本的 C++ 代码示例,可用于使用 V4L2 调用摄像头拍照: c++ #include <iostream> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include using namespace std; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { const char* device = "/dev/video0"; // 摄像头设备名称 int fd = open(device, O_RDWR); // 打开设备 if (fd == -1) { cerr << "Failed to open device!" << endl; return -1; } // 查询设备参数 v4l2_capability cap; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to query device capabilities!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 设置摄像头参数 v4l2_format fmt; fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640; fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480; fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG; fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to set device format!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 请求缓冲帧 v4l2_requestbuffers req; req.count = 1; req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to request buffers!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 映射缓冲帧 v4l2_buffer buf; buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = 0; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to query buffer!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } void* ptr = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset); if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) { cerr << "Failed to map buffer!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 开始捕获图像 if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &buf.type) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to start streaming!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 获取图像数据 if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to enqueue buffer!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } fd_set fds; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(fd, &fds); timeval tv; tv.tv_sec = 2; tv.tv_usec = 0; // 等待数据准备就绪 int r = select(fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv); if (r == -1) { cerr << "Failed to wait for data!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } else if (r == 0) { cerr << "Timeout waiting for data!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 获取图像数据 if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to dequeue buffer!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 写入图像文件 string filename = "image.jpg"; ofstream ofs(filename, ios::binary); ofs.write((const char*)ptr, buf.bytesused); ofs.close(); cout << "Image saved to " << filename << endl; // 停止捕获图像 if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &buf.type) == -1) { cerr << "Failed to stop streaming!" << endl; close(fd); return -1; } // 关闭设备 close(fd); return 0; } 这个代码示例将从 /dev/video0 设备读取摄像头的图像数据,并将其保存为 JPEG 格式的文件。你可以根据需要更改摄像头设备名称以及图像的宽度、高度和格式。 注意,这个代码示例只是一个基本的框架,你需要根据自己的需求对其进行修改和扩展。例如,你可能需要添加对摄像头参数的查询、设置和调整,或者添加对多个缓冲帧的支持。
以下是一个简单的v4l2接口的测试程序,可以获取摄像头的视频流并显示在屏幕上: c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include #include <errno.h> #define BUFFER_COUNT 4 struct buffer { void *start; size_t length; }; int main(int argc, char **argv) { int fd; struct v4l2_capability cap; struct v4l2_format fmt; struct v4l2_requestbuffers req; struct buffer *buffers; struct v4l2_buffer buf; unsigned int i, n_buffers; fd = open("/dev/video0", O_RDWR); if (fd == -1) { perror("open"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCAP"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) { fprintf(stderr, "The device does not support video capture.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } memset(&fmt, 0, sizeof(fmt)); fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640; fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480; fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV; fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_NONE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_S_FMT"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req)); req.count = BUFFER_COUNT; req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_REQBUFS"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } buffers = calloc(req.count, sizeof(*buffers)); if (!buffers) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } for (i = 0; i < req.count; ++i) { memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } buffers[i].length = buf.length; buffers[i].start = mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset); if (buffers[i].start == MAP_FAILED) { perror("mmap"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } } for (i = 0; i < req.count; ++i) { memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = i; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_QBUF"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } } enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_STREAMON"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } for (i = 0; i < BUFFER_COUNT; ++i) { memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_DQBUF"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } // Process the frame here. // ... if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_QBUF"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } } type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type) == -1) { perror("VIDIOC_STREAMOFF"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } for (i = 0; i < req.count; ++i) { if (munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length) == -1) { perror("munmap"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } } free(buffers); if (close(fd) == -1) { perror("close"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; } 这个程序可以获取摄像头的视频流,对每一帧进行处理后再显示。其中,V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV 是常见的一种像素格式。
好的,我可以回答这个问题。以下是一个基于v4l2的获取USB摄像头图像的C程序的示例代码: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include #define CAMERA_DEVICE "/dev/video" #define CAPTURE_FILE "frame.raw" #define IMAGE_WIDTH 640 #define IMAGE_HEIGHT 480 int main(int argc, char **argv) { int fd; struct v4l2_capability cap; struct v4l2_format fmt; struct v4l2_requestbuffers req; struct v4l2_buffer buf; void *buffer; int n_buffers; fd = open(CAMERA_DEVICE, O_RDWR); if (fd == -1) { perror("Cannot open camera device"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) { perror("Cannot get camera capabilities"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) { fprintf(stderr, "The device does not support video capture\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } memset(&fmt, , sizeof(fmt)); fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; fmt.fmt.pix.width = IMAGE_WIDTH; fmt.fmt.pix.height = IMAGE_HEIGHT; fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV; fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1) { perror("Cannot set camera format"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } memset(&req, , sizeof(req)); req.count = 4; req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req) == -1) { perror("Cannot request buffers"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } buffer = calloc(req.count, sizeof(*buffer)); if (!buffer) { perror("Cannot allocate memory"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } for (n_buffers = ; n_buffers < req.count; ++n_buffers) { memset(&buf, , sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = n_buffers; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Cannot query buffer"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } ((char*)buffer)[buf.m.offset] = n_buffers; if (mmap(NULL, buf.length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset) == MAP_FAILED) { perror("Cannot map buffer"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } } for (n_buffers = ; n_buffers < req.count; ++n_buffers) { memset(&buf, , sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; buf.index = n_buffers; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Cannot queue buffer"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } } enum v4l2_buf_type type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type) == -1) { perror("Cannot start streaming"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } for (int i = ; i < 10; ++i) { memset(&buf, , sizeof(buf)); buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Cannot dequeue buffer"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } printf("Captured frame %d\n", ((char*)buffer)[buf.m.offset]); if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf) == -1) { perror("Cannot queue buffer"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } } type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type) == -1) { perror("Cannot stop streaming"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } free(buffer); close(fd); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }

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