MATLAB电话拨号音的合成与识别 并设计GUI界面

MATLAB可以通过数字信号处理工具箱中的函数来合成电话拨号音，同时也可以使用信号处理算法对识别到的电话拨号音进行解码。以下是一个简单的示例代码：

合成电话拨号音：

fs = 8000; % 采样率
f1 = 697; % 第一列频率
f2 = 1209; % 第一行频率
duration = 0.5; % 持续时间

% 生成数字1的拨号音
t = 0:1/fs:duration;
y1 = sin(2*pi*f1*t);
y2 = sin(2*pi*f2*t);
y = y1 + y2;
sound(y, fs);

识别电话拨号音：

% 读取音频文件
[y, fs] = audioread('dial_tone.wav');

% 计算频谱
N = length(y);
f = (0:N/2-1)*fs/N;
Y = fft(y);
Pyy = Y.*conj(Y)/N;
Pyy = Pyy(1:N/2);

% 识别拨号音
f1 = 697;
f2 = 1209;

f1_index = find(f > f1-10 & f < f1+10);
f2_index = find(f > f2-10 & f < f2+10);

if sum(Pyy(f1_index)) > sum(Pyy(f2_index))
    disp('数字1');
else
    disp('数字2');
end

设计GUI界面：

MATLAB可以使用GUIDE工具来设计GUI界面。可以在工具栏中选择“GUIDE”来打开该工具。在GUIDE中可以添加各种控件，并设置其属性和回调函数。以下是一个简单的实例：

1. 在GUIDE中选择“Blank GUI”模板，创建一个空白界面。

2. 添加一个按钮控件，并将其文本设置为“播放拨号音”。

3. 添加一个文本框控件，用于显示识别结果。

4. 在回调函数中添加合成拨号音和识别拨号音的代码，并将结果显示在文本框中。

function varargout = dial_tone_gui(varargin)
% DIAL_TONE_GUI MATLAB code for dial_tone_gui.fig
%      DIAL_TONE_GUI, by itself, creates a new DIAL_TONE_GUI or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = DIAL_TONE_GUI returns the handle to a new DIAL_TONE_GUI or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      DIAL_TONE_GUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in DIAL_TONE_GUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      DIAL_TONE_GUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new DIAL_TONE_GUI or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before dial_tone_gui_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to dial_tone_gui_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help dial_tone_gui

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 24-Nov-2021 15:35:40

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @dial_tone_gui_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @dial_tone_gui_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT


% --- Executes just before dial_tone_gui is made visible.
function dial_tone_gui_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to dial_tone_gui (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for dial_tone_gui
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes dial_tone_gui wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);


% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = dial_tone_gui_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;


% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

fs = 8000; % 采样率
f1 = 697; % 第一列频率
f2 = 1209; % 第一行频率
duration = 0.5; % 持续时间

% 生成数字1的拨号音
t = 0:1/fs:duration;
y1 = sin(2*pi*f1*t);
y2 = sin(2*pi*f2*t);
y = y1 + y2;
sound(y, fs);

% 更新文本框
set(handles.edit1, 'String', '等待识别...');


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end


% --- Executes on key press with focus on figure1 and none of its controls.
function figure1_KeyPressFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to figure1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  structure with the following fields (see MATLAB.UI.FIGURE)
%   Key: name of the key that was pressed, in lower case
%   Character: character interpretation of the key(s) that was pressed
%   Modifier: name(s) of the modifier key(s) (i.e., control, shift) pressed
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

if strcmp(eventdata.Key, '1') % 按下数字键1
    fs = 8000; % 采样率
    f1 = 697; % 第一列频率
    f2 = 1209; % 第一行频率
    duration = 0.5; % 持续时间

    % 生成数字1的拨号音
    t = 0:1/fs:duration;
    y1 = sin(2*pi*f1*t);
    y2 = sin(2*pi*f2*t);
    y = y1 + y2;
    sound(y, fs);

    % 更新文本框
    set(handles.edit1, 'String', '数字1');

elseif strcmp(eventdata.Key, '2') % 按下数字键2
    fs = 8000; % 采样率
    f1 = 697; % 第一列频率
    f2 = 1336; % 第二行频率
    duration = 0.5; % 持续时间

    % 生成数字2的拨号音
    t = 0:1/fs:duration;
    y1 = sin(2*pi*f1*t);
    y2 = sin(2*pi*f2*t);
    y = y1 + y2;
    sound(y, fs);

    % 更新文本框
    set(handles.edit1, 'String', '数字2');

end

在GUIDE中保存该界面，然后在命令窗口中运行以下命令来启动该界面：

dial_tone_gui

界面中的按钮可以用鼠标点击操作，也可以通过键盘按键来触发拨号音的播放和识别。