heartbeat与keepalived对比

Heartbeat和Keepalived都是用于实现高可用性的开源软件，它们的功能和实现方式有所不同。

1. 功能：

Heartbeat主要实现了一个高可用性框架，它可以监控主服务器的状态，当主服务器出现故障时，可以自动将其切换到备份服务器上。Heartbeat支持多种资源控制器，如IP地址、文件系统、虚拟IP地址等，可以实现对各种资源的控制。

Keepalived也是一个高可用性框架，它基于VRRP协议实现了多个服务器之间的状态同步和切换，如果主服务器出现故障，备份服务器可以快速接管其IP地址，从而保证服务的可用性。与Heartbeat相比，Keepalived的功能相对简单，但也更加易于使用。

2. 实现方式：

Heartbeat使用了两个节点共享一个虚拟IP地址的方式来实现高可用性，主节点和备用节点之间通过心跳包实现状态同步，当主节点失效时，备用节点自动切换为主节点。同时，Heartbeat还支持STONITH（Shoot The Other Node In The Head）功能，可以在出现脑裂（Split Brain）情况时强制重启节点。

Keepalived基于VRRP协议实现了多个服务器之间的状态同步和切换，如果主服务器失效，备份服务器可以快速接管其IP地址，从而保证服务的可用性。Keepalived的实现方式相对简单，不需要共享虚拟IP地址，也不需要STONITH功能。

总的来说，Heartbeat和Keepalived都是优秀的高可用性软件，它们的功能和实现方式有所不同，具体选择取决于具体的需求和场景。

相关问题

keepalived配置ipv6

Sure, I can assist you with configuring Keepalived for IPv6. Here's an example configuration for Keepalived using IPv6 addresses:

1. Install Keepalived:

   sudo apt-get install keepalived

2. Create a Keepalived configuration file, such as `/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf`, and add the following content:

   global_defs {
       router_id LVS_DEVEL
   }

   vrrp_script chk_heartbeat {
       script "/etc/keepalived/heartbeat.sh"
       interval 2
       weight -20
       fall 3
       rise 2
   }

   vrrp_instance VI_1 {
       state MASTER
       interface eth0
       virtual_router_id 51
       priority 101
       advert_int 1
       authentication {
           auth_type PASS
           auth_pass YourPassword
       }
       virtual_ipaddress {
           ::1/64 dev eth0
       }
       track_interface {
           eth0
       }
       notify /etc/keepalived/notify.sh
   }

3. Configure the `chk_heartbeat` script (`/etc/keepalived/heartbeat.sh`) to monitor the health of the virtual IP:

   #!/bin/bash
   if ! ip addr show dev eth0 | grep -q "::1"; then
       exit 1
   fi
   exit 0

4. Configure the `notify` script (`/etc/keepalived/notify.sh`) to handle failover events (optional):

   #!/bin/bash
   if [ "$1" = "MASTER" ]; then
       # Add your custom actions for becoming the master node here
       echo "Became MASTER" >> /var/log/keepalived.log
   elif [ "$1" = "BACKUP" ]; then
       # Add your custom actions for becoming the backup node here
       echo "Became BACKUP" >> /var/log/keepalived.log
   elif [ "$1" = "FAULT" ]; then
       # Add your custom actions for handling faults here
       echo "FAULT" >> /var/log/keepalived.log
   fi

5. Make the scripts executable:

   sudo chmod +x /etc/keepalived/heartbeat.sh
   sudo chmod +x /etc/keepalived/notify.sh

6. Start Keepalived:

   sudo systemctl start keepalived

This configuration sets up Keepalived in master mode (`state MASTER`) with a virtual IPv6 address (::1/64) on the `eth0` interface. Remember to replace `YourPassword` with your desired authentication password.

Note: This configuration example assumes you have the `eth0` interface configured with an appropriate IPv6 address range. Adjust the configuration based on your network setup.

Let me know if you need further assistance!

heartbeat 安装包

你可以通过以下两种方式来安装Heartbeat。

方法一：使用yum安装
1. 下载并安装epel源：`yum install epel-release`
2. 使用yum安装Heartbeat：`yum install -y heartbeat`

方法二：手动安装rpm包
1. 下载Heartbeat的rpm包和依赖包。你可以在此链接中找到heartbeat和heartbeat-libs的rpm包：[ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/Packages/h/heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm](ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/Packages/h/heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm) 和 [ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/Packages/h/heartbeat-libs-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm](ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/Packages/h/heartbeat-libs-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm)
2. 在终端中使用以下命令安装rpm包：`rpm -ivh heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm heartbeat-libs-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm`

请注意，以上方法适用于CentOS 6。如果你在CentOS 7.6上遇到了安装问题，可能是因为无法找到对应的Heartbeat包。你可以尝试在其他源中查找或尝试其他安装方法。