一个csv文件,第一列为品种号,第二列到第五列为品种表型值,例如体积,长度,高度,宽度,如何进行PCA分析绘制载荷图,以体积,长度,高度,宽度特征显示在图像上
时间: 2024-03-28 20:42:41 浏览: 118
首先,您需要使用Python的pandas和sklearn库来进行PCA分析。
以下是步骤:
1. 导入必要的库
```python
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
```
2. 加载csv文件
```python
df = pd.read_csv('your_csv_file.csv')
```
3. 选择需要进行PCA分析的特征
```python
features = ['体积', '长度', '高度', '宽度']
x = df.loc[:, features].values
```
4. 标准化特征值
```python
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
x = StandardScaler().fit_transform(x)
```
5. 进行PCA分析
```python
pca = PCA(n_components=2)
principalComponents = pca.fit_transform(x)
principalDf = pd.DataFrame(data = principalComponents
, columns = ['principal component 1', 'principal component 2'])
```
6. 将PCA分析结果与品种号合并
```python
finalDf = pd.concat([principalDf, df[['品种号']]], axis = 1)
```
7. 绘制载荷图
```python
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (8,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
ax.set_xlabel('Principal Component 1', fontsize = 15)
ax.set_ylabel('Principal Component 2', fontsize = 15)
ax.set_title('2 component PCA', fontsize = 20)
targets = df['品种号'].unique()
colors = ['r', 'g', 'b']
for target, color in zip(targets,colors):
indicesToKeep = finalDf['品种号'] == target
ax.scatter(finalDf.loc[indicesToKeep, 'principal component 1']
, finalDf.loc[indicesToKeep, 'principal component 2']
, c = color
, s = 50)
ax.legend(targets)
ax.grid()
```
这样,您就可以得到一个载荷图,其中每个点代表一个品种,它们在PCA空间中的位置取决于它们的特征值。
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