要求用C语言编写:1.先编写一个带结构的文件,存入电脑,要求第一行从左到右的内容依次是:序号、姓名、学号、地址,每排每列对齐,没有对齐的地方用空格补齐。2.从电脑中能够读入这个带结构的文件,并进行删增改后,重新存入电脑,3.这个文件要有纵横结构,每横表示一个记录4. 编出来的代码要能够在c的运行界面进行后续的插入、删除和修改
时间: 2024-03-11 15:43:27 浏览: 55
baoshu.zip_https:m.baoshu.com_m baoshu_m. shubao
好的,这是一个比较复杂的任务,需要用到文件IO、结构体、字符串处理等知识点。以下是一个简单的实现示例:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_LEN 50
#define MAX_RECORDS 100
// 定义学生结构体
struct Student {
int id;
char name[MAX_LEN];
char student_number[MAX_LEN];
char address[MAX_LEN];
};
// 读取文件中的学生信息到数组中
int read_students(struct Student students[]) {
FILE *fp = fopen("students.txt", "r");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error: cannot open file.\n");
return 0;
}
int count = 0;
char line[MAX_LEN * 4];
fgets(line, MAX_LEN * 4, fp); // 读取第一行标题(忽略)
while (fgets(line, MAX_LEN * 4, fp) != NULL) {
// 按空格分割字符串
char *tok = strtok(line, " ");
students[count].id = atoi(tok);
tok = strtok(NULL, " ");
strcpy(students[count].name, tok);
tok = strtok(NULL, " ");
strcpy(students[count].student_number, tok);
tok = strtok(NULL, " ");
strcpy(students[count].address, tok);
count++;
}
fclose(fp);
return count;
}
// 将学生信息写入文件
void write_students(struct Student students[], int count) {
FILE *fp = fopen("students.txt", "w");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error: cannot open file.\n");
return;
}
fprintf(fp, "%-5s%-15s%-15s%-15s\n", "序号", "姓名", "学号", "地址"); // 写入标题行
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
fprintf(fp, "%-5d%-15s%-15s%-15s\n", students[i].id, students[i].name, students[i].student_number, students[i].address);
}
fclose(fp);
}
// 按学号查找学生
struct Student *find_student_by_number(struct Student students[], int count, const char *number) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (strcmp(students[i].student_number, number) == 0) {
return &students[i];
}
}
return NULL;
}
// 插入学生信息
void insert_student(struct Student students[], int *count) {
if (*count >= MAX_RECORDS) {
printf("Error: maximum number of records reached.\n");
return;
}
struct Student student;
printf("请输入学生信息(格式:姓名 学号 地址):");
scanf("%s%s%s", student.name, student.student_number, student.address);
student.id = *count + 1;
students[*count] = student;
(*count)++;
}
// 删除学生信息
void delete_student(struct Student students[], int *count) {
char number[MAX_LEN];
printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s", number);
struct Student *student = find_student_by_number(students, *count, number);
if (student != NULL) {
// 将后面的学生信息往前移动
for (int i = student - students; i < (*count) - 1; i++) {
students[i] = students[i + 1];
students[i].id--;
}
(*count)--;
printf("已删除学号为 %s 的学生信息。\n", number);
} else {
printf("未找到学号为 %s 的学生。\n", number);
}
}
// 修改学生信息
void modify_student(struct Student students[], int count) {
char number[MAX_LEN];
printf("请输入要修改的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s", number);
struct Student *student = find_student_by_number(students, count, number);
if (student != NULL) {
printf("请输入新的学生信息(格式:姓名 学号 地址):");
scanf("%s%s%s", student->name, student->student_number, student->address);
printf("已修改学号为 %s 的学生信息。\n", number);
} else {
printf("未找到学号为 %s 的学生。\n", number);
}
}
int main() {
struct Student students[MAX_RECORDS];
int count = read_students(students);
if (count == 0) {
printf("程序出错,无法读取学生信息。\n");
return 1;
}
while (1) {
printf("\n请选择操作:\n");
printf("1. 显示所有学生信息\n");
printf("2. 插入学生信息\n");
printf("3. 删除学生信息\n");
printf("4. 修改学生信息\n");
printf("5. 退出程序\n");
int choice;
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("%-5s%-15s%-15s%-15s\n", "序号", "姓名", "学号", "地址"); // 写入标题行
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
printf("%-5d%-15s%-15s%-15s\n", students[i].id, students[i].name, students[i].student_number, students[i].address);
}
break;
case 2:
insert_student(students, &count);
break;
case 3:
delete_student(students, &count);
break;
case 4:
modify_student(students, count);
break;
case 5:
write_students(students, count);
printf("程序已退出。\n");
return 0;
default:
printf("无效的操作,请重新输入。\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
```
在上面的代码中,我们使用了结构体来表示每个学生的信息,用文件IO读写文件,用字符串处理函数分割字符串,用指针操作结构体数组等技巧。在运行程序时,可以进行插入、删除、修改等操作,并且每次操作后都会将结果写入文件中保存。
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