用类c描述C语言完成链表节点的定义和初始化、查找、销毁等基本操作,再将(3,6,8,9)和(2,5,8,10,12,16)两个非递减的有序链表合并为一个非递增的有序链表,仍然用原来的存储空间,并且要有每步操作的注释。 - CSDN文库

### 回答1：链表节点的定义： ```c struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; }; ``` 链表节点的初始化： ```c // 创建一个新的节点并返回指针 struct Node* createNode(int data) { struct Node *node = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); node->data = data; node->next = NULL; return node; } ``` 链表的查找： ```c // 在链表中查找值为data的节点并返回指针 struct Node* findNode(struct Node *head, int data) { struct Node *p = head; while (p != NULL && p->data != data) { p = p->next; } return p; } ``` 链表的销毁： ```c // 销毁整个链表 void destroyList(struct Node *head) { struct Node *p = head; while (p != NULL) { struct Node *q = p->next; free(p); p = q; } } ``` 合并两个有序链表： ```c // 将两个有序链表head1和head2合并成一个非递增的有序链表 struct Node* merge(struct Node *head1, struct Node *head2) { // 如果有一个链表为空，则直接返回另一个链表 if (head1 == NULL) { return head2; } if (head2 == NULL) { return head1; } // 定义指针p1和p2分别指向链表head1和head2的第一个节点 struct Node *p1 = head1; struct Node *p2 = head2; // 定义指针p和newHead分别指向新链表的第一个节点 struct Node *newHead = NULL; struct Node *p = NULL; // 循环比较p1和p2节点的值，并将较小的节点插入到新链表中 while (p1 != NULL && p2 != NULL) { if (p1->data <= p2->data) { // 插入p1节点 if (newHead == NULL) { newHead = p1; p = p1; } else { p->next = p1; p = p->next; } p1 = p1->next; } else { // 插入p2节点 if (newHead == NULL) { newHead = p2; p = p2; } else { p->next = p2; p = p->next; } p2 = p2->next; } } // 将剩余节点插入到新链表中 while (p1 != NULL) { p->next = p1; p = p->next; p1 = p1->next; } while (p2 != NULL) { p->next = p2; p = p->next; p2 = p2->next; } // 反转新链表，变成非递增的有序链表 struct Node *prev = NULL; p = newHead; while (p != NULL) { struct Node *next = p->next; p->next = prev; prev = p; p = next; } return prev; } ``` 完整的代码如下： ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> // 链表节点的定义 struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; }; // 创建一个新的节点并返回指针 struct Node* createNode(int data) { struct Node *node = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); node->data = data; node->next = NULL; return node; } // 在链表中查找值为data的节点并返回指针 struct Node* findNode(struct Node *head, int data) { struct Node *p = head; while (p != NULL && p->data != data) { p = p->next; } return p; } // 销毁整个链表 void destroyList(struct Node *head) { struct Node *p = head; while (p != NULL) { struct Node *q = p->next; free(p); p = q; } } // 将两个有序链表head1和head2合并成一个非递增的有序链表 struct Node* merge(struct Node *head1, struct Node *head2) { // 如果有一个链表为空，则直接返回另一个链表 if (head1 == NULL) { return head2; } if (head2 == NULL) { return head1; } // 定义指针p1和p2分别指向链表head1和head2的第一个节点 struct Node *p1 = head1; struct Node *p2 = head2; // 定义指针p和newHead分别指向新链表的第一个节点 struct Node *newHead = NULL; struct Node *p = NULL; // 循环比较p1和p2节点的值，并将较小的节点插入到新链表中 while (p1 != NULL && p2 != NULL) { if (p1->data <= p2->data) { // 插入p1节点 if (newHead == NULL) { newHead = p1; p = p1; } else { p->next = p1; p = p->next; } p1 = p1->next; } else { // 插入p2节点 if (newHead == NULL) { newHead = p2; p = p2; } else { p->next = p2; p = p->next; } p2 = p2->next; } } // 将剩余节点插入到新链表中 while (p1 != NULL) { p->next = p1; p = p->next; p1 = p1->next; } while (p2 != NULL) { p->next = p2; p = p->next; p2 = p2->next; } // 反转新链表，变成非递增的有序链表 struct Node *prev = NULL; p = newHead; while (p != NULL) { struct Node *next = p->next; p->next = prev; prev = p; p = next; } return prev; } int main() { // 创建链表1 struct Node *head1 = createNode(3); head1->next = createNode(6); head1->next->next = createNode(8); head1->next->next->next = createNode(9); // 创建链表2 struct Node *head2 = createNode(2); head2->next = createNode(5); head2->next->next = createNode(8); head2->next->next->next = createNode(10); head2->next->next->next->next = createNode(12); head2->next->next->next->next->next = createNode(16); // 合并链表1和链表2 struct Node *newHead = merge(head1, head2); // 输出合并后的链表 printf("合并后的链表："); struct Node *p = newHead; while (p != NULL) { printf("%d ", p->data); p = p->next; } printf("\n"); // 释放内存 destroyList(head1); destroyList(head2); destroyList(newHead); return 0; } ``` 输出结果为： ``` 合并后的链表：16 12 10 9 8 8 6 5 3 2 ``` ### 回答2：链表节点的定义和初始化如下： ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> // 定义链表节点结构体 typedef struct ListNode { int data; struct ListNode* next; } ListNode; // 初始化链表节点 ListNode* createNode(int data) { ListNode* newNode = (ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode)); newNode->data = data; newNode->next = NULL; return newNode; } ``` 链表的查找和销毁操作如下： ```c // 查找链表中的值为target的节点，并返回指向该节点的指针 ListNode* searchNode(ListNode* head, int target) { if (head == NULL) { return NULL; } ListNode* current = head; while (current != NULL) { if (current->data == target) { return current; } current = current->next; } return NULL; } // 销毁链表，释放节点占用的内存空间 void destroyList(ListNode* head) { ListNode* current = head; while (current != NULL) { ListNode* temp = current; current = current->next; free(temp); } } ``` 合并两个非递减的有序链表为一个非递增的有序链表如下： ```c // 合并两个非递减的有序链表为一个非递增的有序链表 ListNode* mergeLists(ListNode* list1, ListNode* list2) { if (list1 == NULL) { return list2; } if (list2 == NULL) { return list1; } ListNode* newList = NULL; ListNode* current = NULL; while (list1 != NULL && list2 != NULL) { // 比较两个链表当前节点的值 if (list1->data <= list2->data) { // 将list1当前节点移动到新链表中 if (newList == NULL) { newList = list1; current = newList; } else { current->next = list1; current = current->next; } list1 = list1->next; } else { // 将list2当前节点移动到新链表中 if (newList == NULL) { newList = list2; current = newList; } else { current->next = list2; current = current->next; } list2 = list2->next; } } // 如果list1或list2还有剩余节点，则将其直接连接到新链表末尾 if (list1 != NULL) { current->next = list1; } if (list2 != NULL) { current->next = list2; } // 反转新链表，使其变为非递增有序链表 ListNode* prev = NULL; ListNode* next = NULL; current = newList; while (current != NULL) { next = current->next; current->next = prev; prev = current; current = next; } return prev; } ``` 以上是使用类c描述C语言完成链表节点的定义和初始化、查找、销毁等基本操作，以及将两个非递减的有序链表合并为一个非递增的有序链表的过程。每个操作都有相应的注释解释其功能。

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