九轴传感器姿态解算计算代码
时间: 2023-06-13 09:03:37 浏览: 254
九轴传感器姿态解算是通过将加速度计、陀螺仪和磁力计的数据进行融合,来实现精确的姿态解算。以下是一个简单的姿态解算计算代码,可以供参考:
```python
import math
import numpy as np
class NineAxisSensor:
def __init__(self):
self.gyro = np.zeros(3) # 陀螺仪数据
self.accel = np.zeros(3) # 加速度计数据
self.mag = np.zeros(3) # 磁力计数据
self.q = np.zeros(4) # 四元数
self.roll = 0.0 # 横滚角
self.pitch = 0.0 # 俯仰角
self.yaw = 0.0 # 偏航角
def update(self, gyro, accel, mag, dt):
self.gyro = gyro
self.accel = accel
self.mag = mag
# 陀螺仪数据积分得到旋转角速度
gyro_rate = gyro * dt
# 根据加速度计和磁力计计算出姿态
self.calculate_orientation(gyro_rate)
def calculate_orientation(self, gyro_rate):
# 加速度计得到的重力向量在物体坐标系下的表示
accel_norm = np.linalg.norm(self.accel)
if accel_norm == 0:
return
accel_normalized = self.accel / accel_norm
# 磁力计得到的磁场向量在物体坐标系下的表示
mag_norm = np.linalg.norm(self.mag)
if mag_norm == 0:
return
mag_normalized = self.mag / mag_norm
# 利用加速度计得到的重力向量和磁力计得到的磁场向量计算出物体坐标系下的方向向量
axis_y = accel_normalized
axis_z = np.cross(axis_y, mag_normalized)
axis_z_norm = np.linalg.norm(axis_z)
if axis_z_norm == 0:
return
axis_z_normalized = axis_z / axis_z_norm
axis_x = np.cross(axis_y, axis_z_normalized)
# 利用旋转向量得到四元数
q1 = math.cos(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[0] / 2) - math.sin(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[0] / 2)
q2 = math.sin(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[0] / 2) + math.cos(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[0] / 2)
q3 = math.cos(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[0] / 2) + math.sin(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[0] / 2)
q4 = math.cos(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.cos(gyro_rate[0] / 2) - math.sin(gyro_rate[2] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[1] / 2) * math.sin(gyro_rate[0] / 2)
q_rot = np.array([q1, q2, q3, q4])
q_rot_norm = np.linalg.norm(q_rot)
if q_rot_norm == 0:
return
q_rot_normalized = q_rot / q_rot_norm
# 计算出物体坐标系到惯性坐标系的四元数
q_inertial = np.array([axis_x[0], axis_y[0], axis_z_normalized[0], 0,
axis_x[1], axis_y[1], axis_z_normalized[1], 0,
axis_x[2], axis_y[2], axis_z_normalized[2], 0,
0, 0, 0, 1])
q_inertial_norm = np.linalg.norm(q_inertial)
if q_inertial_norm == 0:
return
q_inertial_normalized = q_inertial / q_inertial_norm
# 计算出物体坐标系到惯性坐标系的四元数
self.q = np.dot(self.q, q_rot_normalized)
self.q = np.dot(self.q, q_inertial_normalized)
# 计算出欧拉角
self.roll = math.atan2(2 * (self.q[0] * self.q[1] + self.q[2] * self.q[3]), 1 - 2 * (self.q[1] ** 2 + self.q[2] ** 2))
self.pitch = math.asin(2 * (self.q[0] * self.q[2] - self.q[3] * self.q[1]))
self.yaw = math.atan2(2 * (self.q[0] * self.q[3] + self.q[1] * self.q[2]), 1 - 2 * (self.q[2] ** 2 + self.q[3] ** 2))
```
其中,`update`函数是更新传感器数据的函数,`calculate_orientation`函数是计算姿态的函数。这个计算代码使用了旋转向量和四元数来进行姿态计算,通过加速度计得到重力向量,在物体坐标系下的表示为$axis_y$,通过磁力计得到磁场向量,在物体坐标系下的表示为$axis_z$,从而得到物体坐标系下的$x$轴,$y$轴和$z$轴。利用旋转向量计算出旋转四元数,然后与之前的四元数相乘,得到物体坐标系到惯性坐标系的四元数,从而得到欧拉角。
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