C++ 写公交车管理系统 问题描述：设计一个公交车管理系统，公交车需设置不同的类型，每个线路的公交车会经过多个不同的车站，车站、公交车可设计成不同的类，给出某个公交车可以显示它所经过所有站点。 基本功能： (1）公交车要设置不同的类型，如电车、油车等；(2）公交车信息包括：车牌号，类型，线路号，座位数，长度，宽度，高度，油耗等； (3）公交车信息要保存在文件中； (4）系统可以实现对公交车和车站信息的添加，修改，删除，查找等功能； (5）系统界面应该尽量友好，方便使用。

下面是一个简单的公交车管理系统，包括车站和公交车的类定义以及主函数的实现。你可以根据需求进行修改和补充。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

// 车站类
class Station {
private:
    string name; // 车站名称
public:
    Station(string n) : name(n) {}
    string getName() const { return name; }
};

// 公交车类
class Bus {
private:
    string plateNum; // 车牌号
    string type; // 车辆类型
    int routeNum; // 线路号
    int seatNum; // 座位数
    double length; // 长度
    double width; // 宽度
    double height; // 高度
    double fuelConsumption; // 油耗
    vector<Station*> stations; // 经过车站
public:
    Bus(string pn, string t, int rn, int sn, double l, double w, double h, double fc)
        : plateNum(pn), type(t), routeNum(rn), seatNum(sn), length(l), width(w), height(h), fuelConsumption(fc) {}
    string getPlateNum() const { return plateNum; }
    string getType() const { return type; }
    int getRouteNum() const { return routeNum; }
    int getSeatNum() const { return seatNum; }
    double getLength() const { return length; }
    double getWidth() const { return width; }
    double getHeight() const { return height; }
    double getFuelConsumption() const { return fuelConsumption; }
    void addStation(Station* s) { stations.push_back(s); }
    void showStations() const {
        cout << "经过车站：";
        for (auto s : stations) {
            cout << s->getName() << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
};

// 公交车管理系统类
class BusManagementSystem {
private:
    vector<Bus*> buses; // 所有公交车
    vector<Station*> stations; // 所有车站
    string filename; // 存储文件名
public:
    BusManagementSystem(string fn) : filename(fn) {}
    void load() {
        ifstream fin(filename);
        if (!fin.is_open()) {
            cout << "无法打开文件 " << filename << "!" << endl;
            return;
        }
        buses.clear();
        stations.clear();
        int num;
        fin >> num;
        for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
            string pn, t;
            int rn, sn;
            double l, w, h, fc;
            fin >> pn >> t >> rn >> sn >> l >> w >> h >> fc;
            Bus* bus = new Bus(pn, t, rn, sn, l, w, h, fc);
            buses.push_back(bus);
            int n;
            fin >> n;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                string name;
                fin >> name;
                Station* station = findStation(name);
                if (station == nullptr) {
                    station = new Station(name);
                    stations.push_back(station);
                }
                bus->addStation(station);
            }
        }
        fin.close();
        cout << "读取成功！" << endl;
    }
    void save() const {
        ofstream fout(filename);
        if (!fout.is_open()) {
            cout << "无法打开文件 " << filename << "!" << endl;
            return;
        }
        fout << buses.size() << endl;
        for (auto bus : buses) {
            fout << bus->getPlateNum() << " " << bus->getType() << " "
                << bus->getRouteNum() << " " << bus->getSeatNum() << " "
                << bus->getLength() << " " << bus->getWidth() << " "
                << bus->getHeight() << " " << bus->getFuelConsumption() << endl;
            fout << bus->stations.size() << endl;
            for (auto station : bus->stations) {
                fout << station->getName() << endl;
            }
        }
        fout.close();
        cout << "保存成功！" << endl;
    }
    void addBus() {
        string pn, t;
        int rn, sn;
        double l, w, h, fc;
        cout << "请输入车牌号：";
        cin >> pn;
        cout << "请输入车辆类型：";
        cin >> t;
        cout << "请输入线路号：";
        cin >> rn;
        cout << "请输入座位数：";
        cin >> sn;
        cout << "请输入长度：";
        cin >> l;
        cout << "请输入宽度：";
        cin >> w;
        cout << "请输入高度：";
        cin >> h;
        cout << "请输入油耗：";
        cin >> fc;
        Bus* bus = new Bus(pn, t, rn, sn, l, w, h, fc);
        buses.push_back(bus);
        cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
    }
    void addStation() {
        string name;
        cout << "请输入车站名称：";
        cin >> name;
        Station* station = findStation(name);
        if (station != nullptr) {
            cout << "车站已存在！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        station = new Station(name);
        stations.push_back(station);
        cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
    }
    void modifyBus() {
        string pn;
        cout << "请输入要修改的车牌号：";
        cin >> pn;
        Bus* bus = findBus(pn);
        if (bus == nullptr) {
            cout << "未找到该车辆！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        int choice;
        while (true) {
            cout << "请选择要修改的信息（输入数字）：" << endl;
            cout << "1. 车牌号 2. 车辆类型 3. 线路号 4. 座位数 5. 长度 6. 宽度 7. 高度 8. 油耗 9. 经过车站 10. 返回" << endl;
            cin >> choice;
            switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                cout << "请输入新的车牌号：";
                cin >> pn;
                bus->plateNum = pn;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 2:
                cout << "请输入新的车辆类型：";
                cin >> bus->type;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 3:
                cout << "请输入新的线路号：";
                cin >> bus->routeNum;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 4:
                cout << "请输入新的座位数：";
                cin >> bus->seatNum;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 5:
                cout << "请输入新的长度：";
                cin >> bus->length;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 6:
                cout << "请输入新的宽度：";
                cin >> bus->width;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 7:
                cout << "请输入新的高度：";
                cin >> bus->height;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 8:
                cout << "请输入新的油耗：";
                cin >> bus->fuelConsumption;
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 9:
                bus->stations.clear();
                int n;
                cout << "请输入经过车站个数：";
                cin >> n;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    string name;
                    cout << "请输入第 " << i + 1 << " 个车站名称：";
                    cin >> name;
                    Station* station = findStation(name);
                    if (station == nullptr) {
                        station = new Station(name);
                        stations.push_back(station);
                    }
                    bus->addStation(station);
                }
                cout << "修改成功！" << endl;
                break;
            case 10:
                return;
            default:
                cout << "输入错误，请重新输入！" << endl;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    void deleteBus() {
        string pn;
        cout << "请输入要删除的车牌号：";
        cin >> pn;
        for (auto it = buses.begin(); it != buses.end(); ++it) {
            if ((*it)->getPlateNum() == pn) {
                buses.erase(it);
                cout << "删除成功！" << endl;
                return;
            }
        }
        cout << "未找到该车辆！" << endl;
    }
    void deleteStation() {
        string name;
        cout << "请输入要删除的车站名称：";
        cin >> name;
        for (auto it = stations.begin(); it != stations.end(); ++it) {
            if ((*it)->getName() == name) {
                stations.erase(it);
                // 从所有公交车的经过车站中删除该车站
                for (auto bus : buses) {
                    auto it2 = find(bus->stations.begin(), bus->stations.end(), *it);
                    if (it2 != bus->stations.end()) {
                        bus->stations.erase(it2);
                    }
                }
                cout << "删除成功！" << endl;
                return;
            }
        }
        cout << "未找到该车站！" << endl;
    }
    void searchBus() const {
        string pn;
        cout << "请输入要查找的车牌号：";
        cin >> pn;
        Bus* bus = findBus(pn);
        if (bus == nullptr) {
            cout << "未找到该车辆！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        cout << "车牌号：" << bus->getPlateNum() << endl;
        cout << "车辆类型：" << bus->getType() << endl;
        cout << "线路号：" << bus->getRouteNum() << endl;
        cout << "座位数：" << bus->getSeatNum() << endl;
        cout << "长度：" << bus->getLength() << endl;
        cout << "宽度：" << bus->getWidth() << endl;
        cout << "高度：" << bus->getHeight() << endl;
        cout << "油耗：" << bus->getFuelConsumption() << endl;
        bus->showStations();
    }
    void searchStation() const {
        string name;
        cout << "请输入要查找的车站名称：";
        cin >> name;
        Station* station = findStation(name);
        if (station == nullptr) {
            cout << "未找到该车站！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        cout << "车站名称：" << station->getName() << endl;
        cout << "经过线路：";
        for (auto bus : buses) {
            auto it = find(bus->stations.begin(), bus->stations.end(), station);
            if (it != bus->stations.end()) {
                cout << bus->getRouteNum() << " ";
            }
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    void showAllBuses() const {
        cout << "所有公交车信息如下：" << endl;
        for (auto bus : buses) {
            cout << "车牌号：" << bus->getPlateNum() << endl;
            cout << "车辆类型：" << bus->getType() << endl;
            cout << "线路号：" << bus->getRouteNum() << endl;
            cout << "座位数：" << bus->getSeatNum() << endl;
            cout << "长度：" << bus->getLength() << endl;
            cout << "宽度：" << bus->getWidth() << endl;
            cout << "高度：" << bus->getHeight() << endl;
            cout << "油耗：" << bus->getFuelConsumption() << endl;
            bus->showStations();
        }
    }
    void showAllStations() const {
        cout << "所有车站信息如下：" << endl;
        for (auto station : stations) {
            cout << "车站名称：" << station->getName() << endl;
            cout << "经过线路：";
            for (auto bus : buses) {
                auto it = find(bus->stations.begin(), bus->stations.end(), station);
                if (it != bus->stations.end()) {
                    cout << bus->getRouteNum() << " ";
                }
            }
            cout << endl;
        }
    }
    void showMenu() const {
        cout << "请选择要进行的操作（输入数字）：" << endl;
        cout << "1. 读取数据 2. 保存数据 3. 添加车辆 4. 添加车站 5. 修改车辆信息 6. 删除车辆 7. 删除车站 8. 查找车辆 9. 查找车站 10. 显示所有车辆 11. 显示所有车站 12. 退出" << endl;
    }
    void run() {
        while (true) {
            showMenu();
            int choice;
            cin >> choice;
            switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                load();
                break;
            case 2:
                save();
                break;
            case 3:
                addBus();
                break;
            case 4:
                addStation();
                break;
            case 5:
                modifyBus();
                break;
            case 6:
                deleteBus();
                break;
            case 7:
                deleteStation();
                break;
            case 8:
                searchBus();
                break;
            case 9:
                searchStation();
                break;
            case 10:
                showAllBuses();
                break;
            case 11:
                showAllStations();
                break;
            case 12:
                return;
            default:
                cout << "输入错误，请重新输入！" << endl;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
private:
    Bus* findBus(string pn) const {
        for (auto bus : buses) {
            if (bus->getPlateNum() == pn) {
                return bus;
            }
        }
        return nullptr;
    }
    Station* findStation(string name) const {
        for (auto station : stations) {
            if (station->getName() == name) {
                return station;
            }
        }
        return nullptr;
    }
};

int main() {
    BusManagementSystem system("data.txt");
    system.run();
    return 0;
}

在这个实现中，公交车和车站分别使用了类来进行描述，并通过向量保存了所有的公交车和车站。公交车类包含了车牌号、车辆类型、线路号、座位数、长度、宽度、高度、油耗以及经过车站信息等属性，可以对这些属性进行添加、修改、删除等操作。车站类只包含了车站名称，并且没有提供修改和删除操作，因为车站只能通过添加新的车站来实现删除和修改操作。

公交车管理系统类负责管理所有的公交车和车站，并且提供了读取和保存数据、添加、修改和删除公交车和车站、查找公交车和车站、显示所有公交车和车站等功能。可以通过菜单选择要进行的操作。在读取和保存数据时，使用了文件流来实现。