TypeError: abstract class

An abstract class is a type of class in object-oriented programming that cannot be instantiated directly. It is designed to be subclassed and its methods overridden by its subclasses.

A `TypeError` with the message "abstract class" typically means that you are trying to instantiate an abstract class directly, which is not allowed. You need to create a concrete subclass of the abstract class and instantiate that instead.

Here's an example of an abstract class in Python:

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Animal(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def make_sound(self):
        pass

This class defines an abstract method `make_sound()` which must be implemented by any subclass of `Animal`. If you try to create an instance of `Animal`, you will get a `TypeError`:

>>> a = Animal()
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Animal with abstract methods make_sound

Instead, you need to create a concrete subclass of `Animal` that implements `make_sound()`:

class Cat(Animal):
    def make_sound(self):
        print("Meow")

c = Cat()
c.make_sound()  # prints "Meow"