再帮我创建一个学生数据库,完成以下的所有要求,并用sq|语句实现 1.至少包含5个表,每个表中至少有10条数据,至少2个表有外键.2.使用模式匹配查询,使用top查询,in查询,降序查询,使用count集合函数查询,分组统计查询,使用连接条件的多表查询,比较运算符的子查询,使用in的子查询.3.创建视图并使用4.创建索引5.创建唯一性约束,检查约束,默认值约束,外键约束。6.创建一个存储过程并使用7.在某个表中创建一个插入和更新的dml触发器.上面的所有需求都要尽量简单
时间: 2024-03-04 19:54:24 浏览: 60
好的,我会根据您的要求创建学生数据库,并使用 SQL 语句实现相应的功能。以下是数据库的设计:
1. 表的设计:
- 学生表(student)
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 约束 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| id | int | 主键、自增 |
| name | varchar(20) | |
| gender | varchar(2) | |
| age | int | |
| major_id | int | 外键 references major(id) |
| class_id | int | 外键 references class(id) |
- 课程表(course)
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 约束 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| id | int | 主键、自增 |
| name | varchar(20) | |
| credit | int | |
- 成绩表(score)
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 约束 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| id | int | 主键、自增 |
| student_id | int | 外键 references student(id) |
| course_id | int | 外键 references course(id) |
| score | int | |
- 班级表(class)
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 约束 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| id | int | 主键、自增 |
| name | varchar(20) | |
| major_id | int | 外键 references major(id) |
- 专业表(major)
| 字段名 | 数据类型 | 约束 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| id | int | 主键、自增 |
| name | varchar(20) | |
2. SQL 查询语句实现:
- 模式匹配查询
```
SELECT * FROM student WHERE name LIKE '%张%';
```
- TOP 查询
```
SELECT TOP 3 * FROM course ORDER BY credit DESC;
```
- IN 查询
```
SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN (1, 3, 5);
```
- 降序查询
```
SELECT * FROM course ORDER BY credit DESC;
```
- COUNT 集合函数查询
```
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student;
```
- 分组统计查询
```
SELECT class_id, COUNT(*) as num FROM student GROUP BY class_id;
```
- 使用连接条件的多表查询
```
SELECT student.name, score.score, course.name
FROM student
JOIN score ON student.id = score.student_id
JOIN course ON score.course_id = course.id;
```
- 比较运算符的子查询
```
SELECT * FROM student WHERE age > (SELECT AVG(age) FROM student);
```
- 使用 IN 的子查询
```
SELECT * FROM course WHERE id IN (SELECT course_id FROM score WHERE student_id = 1);
```
3. 创建视图并使用
```
CREATE VIEW student_info AS
SELECT student.name, class.name as class_name, major.name as major_name
FROM student
JOIN class ON student.class_id = class.id
JOIN major ON student.major_id = major.id;
```
```
SELECT * FROM student_info;
```
4. 创建索引
```
CREATE INDEX idx_student_name ON student(name);
```
5. 创建唯一性约束,检查约束,默认值约束,外键约束
```
ALTER TABLE student ADD CONSTRAINT uc_student_name UNIQUE (name);
ALTER TABLE student ADD CONSTRAINT chk_age CHECK (age > 0);
ALTER TABLE student ALTER COLUMN gender SET DEFAULT '未知';
ALTER TABLE student ADD CONSTRAINT fk_student_major
FOREIGN KEY (major_id) REFERENCES major(id);
ALTER TABLE student ADD CONSTRAINT fk_student_class
FOREIGN KEY (class_id) REFERENCES class(id);
```
6. 创建一个存储过程并使用
```
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_get_student_info
@id int
AS
BEGIN
SELECT student.name, class.name as class_name, major.name as major_name
FROM student
JOIN class ON student.class_id = class.id
JOIN major ON student.major_id = major.id
WHERE student.id = @id;
END;
```
```
EXEC sp_get_student_info @id = 1;
```
7. 在某个表中创建一个插入和更新的 DML 触发器
```
CREATE TRIGGER tr_student_insert
ON student
AFTER INSERT
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO log_table (action, table_name, record_id)
VALUES ('insert', 'student', (SELECT id FROM inserted));
END;
```
```
CREATE TRIGGER tr_student_update
ON student
AFTER UPDATE
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO log_table (action, table_name, record_id)
VALUES ('update', 'student', (SELECT id FROM inserted));
END;
```
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