用python实现以下问题4.【算法】最短连线问题(16分) 可以自定义方格地图大小(ab) 可以设定点数,可以随机生成点,也可预置点的坐标 生成最短连线,如不止一种结果,用多种颜色显示。 可自定义连线规则(如只能直线,或者可以斜线)
时间: 2024-03-14 09:46:06 浏览: 13
以下是一个简单的 Python 实现,实现了最短连线问题的求解。具体实现包含以下几个步骤:
1. 定义点类和连线类,用于表示地图上的点和连线。
2. 根据用户输入或随机生成点的坐标,创建点对象并存储在列表中。
3. 根据用户输入或默认规则,创建连线对象并存储在列表中。
4. 使用 Kruskal 算法求解最小生成树。
5. 将最小生成树的连线绘制在地图上,并用不同颜色表示。
```python
import random
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class Point:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
class Line:
def __init__(self, start, end):
self.start = start
self.end = end
self.length = math.sqrt((end.x - start.x) ** 2 + (end.y - start.y) ** 2)
def generate_points(num_points, a, b):
points = []
for i in range(num_points):
x = random.uniform(0, a)
y = random.uniform(0, b)
points.append(Point(x, y))
return points
def generate_lines(points, rule):
lines = []
for i in range(len(points)):
for j in range(i+1, len(points)):
if rule == "straight":
if points[i].x == points[j].x or points[i].y == points[j].y:
lines.append(Line(points[i], points[j]))
elif rule == "diagonal":
lines.append(Line(points[i], points[j]))
return lines
def kruskal(points, lines):
parent = {}
rank = {}
def find(node):
if parent[node] != node:
parent[node] = find(parent[node])
return parent[node]
def(node1, node2):
root1 = find(node1)
root2 = find(node2)
if root1 != root2:
if rank[root1] > rank[root2]:
parent[root2] = root1
else:
parent[root1] = root2
if rank[root1] == rank[root2]:
rank[root2] += 1
for point in points:
parent[point] = point
rank[point] = 0
lines.sort(key=lambda x: x.length)
min_spanning_tree = []
for line in lines:
if find(line.start) != find(line.end):
min_spanning_tree.append(line)
union(line.start, line.end)
return min_spanning_tree
def draw_map(points, lines, min_spanning_tree):
colors = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k']
for line in min_spanning_tree:
color = random.choice(colors)
plt.plot([line.start.x, line.end.x], [line.start.y, line.end.y], color=color)
for point in points:
plt.plot(point.x, point.y, 'ko')
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = 10
b = 10
num_points = 10
rule = "straight"
points = generate_points(num_points, a, b)
lines = generate_lines(points, rule)
min_spanning_tree = kruskal(points, lines)
draw_map(points, lines, min_spanning_tree)
```
上述代码实现了一个简单的最短连线问题求解器,可以根据用户的输入或默认规则生成地图和连线,并使用 Kruskal 算法求解最小生成树。最后,将最小生成树的连线绘制在地图上,并用不同颜色表示。