嵌入式，steam32f103zet6芯片，如何每隔2秒，通过ADC1的16通道来捕获芯片内部温度，并利用DMA方式通过串口显示

针对你的问题，我可以给出以下步骤：

1. 首先，在STM32F103ZET6芯片上配置ADC1的16个通道来捕获温度传感器的数据。

2. 然后，配置DMA通道，使得ADC1的数据可以通过DMA方式传输到内存中。

3. 接下来，配置串口，设置波特率和相应的串口参数。

4. 在代码中实现一个每隔2秒的定时器，当定时器到达时触发中断。

5. 在定时器中断服务程序中，将DMA传输的数据通过串口发送出去。

下面是一个简单的代码示例，供你参考：

#include <stdio.h>
#include "stm32f10x.h"

#define ADC1_DR_Address ((uint32_t)0x4001244C) // ADC1数据寄存器地址

void ADC1_Init(void)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    ADC_InitTypeDef ADC_InitStructure;
    DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
 
    // 使能ADC1时钟
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_ADC1, ENABLE);
 
    // 使能DMA1时钟
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE);
 
    // 配置ADC1通道16对应的GPIO
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AIN;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
 
    // ADC1配置
    ADC_InitStructure.ADC_Mode = ADC_Mode_Independent;
    ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ScanConvMode = ENABLE;
    ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE;
    ADC_InitStructure.ADC_ExternalTrigConv = ADC_ExternalTrigConv_None;
    ADC_InitStructure.ADC_DataAlign = ADC_DataAlign_Right;
    ADC_InitStructure.ADC_NbrOfChannel = 1;
    ADC_Init(ADC1, &ADC_InitStructure);
 
    // ADC1常规通道配置
    ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC1, ADC_Channel_0, 1, ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);
 
    // DMA配置
    DMA_DeInit(DMA1_Channel1);
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = ADC1_DR_Address;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&ADC_ConvertedValue;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = 1;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_HalfWord;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_HalfWord;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel1, &DMA_InitStructure);
 
    // 使能DMA1通道1
    DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel1, ENABLE);
 
    // 启动ADC1转换
    ADC_Cmd(ADC1, ENABLE);
 
    // ADC1校准
    ADC_ResetCalibration(ADC1);
    while (ADC_GetResetCalibrationStatus(ADC1));
    ADC_StartCalibration(ADC1);
    while (ADC_GetCalibrationStatus(ADC1));
 
    // 启动ADC1软件触发转换
    ADC_SoftwareStartConvCmd(ADC1, ENABLE);
}

void USART1_Init(void)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
 
    // 使能USART1时钟
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1 | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
  
    // USART1_TX引脚配置
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  
    // USART1_RX引脚配置
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  
    // USART1配置
    USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
    USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
    USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
  
    // 使能USART1
    USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

void TIM2_Init(void)
{
    TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
 
    // 使能TIM2时钟
    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, ENABLE);
 
    // TIM2配置
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = 2000 - 1; // 定时器周期为2秒
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 7200 - 1; // 定时器分频为7200
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0;
    TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
    TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
 
    // TIM2中断配置
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
 
    // 启动TIM2
    TIM_Cmd(TIM2, ENABLE);
 
    // 启动TIM2更新中断
    TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);
}

void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET) {
        // 获取ADC1采样值
        uint16_t adc_value = ADC_GetConversionValue(ADC1);
 
        // 将采样值转换为温度值
        float temperature = (float)adc_value / 4096 * 3300 / 10;
 
        // 将温度值转换为字符串
        char temperature_str[16];
        sprintf(temperature_str, "%.2f", temperature);
 
        // 发送温度值字符串
        for (int i = 0; temperature_str[i]; i++) {
            USART_SendData(USART1, temperature_str[i]);
            while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
        }
 
        // 发送换行符
        USART_SendData(USART1, '\r');
        while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
        USART_SendData(USART1, '\n');
        while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
 
        // 清除TIM2更新中断标志位
        TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update);
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    // 初始化ADC1
    ADC1_Init();
 
    // 初始化USART1
    USART1_Init();
 
    // 初始化定时器TIM2
    TIM2_Init();
 
    while (1);
}

上述代码实现了每隔2秒通过串口发送一次温度值，你可以根据自己的需求进行修改。