pve8.3核显直通

### Proxmox VE 8.3 Integrated Graphics Passthrough Configuration Guide

In Proxmox VE 8.3, configuring integrated graphics (IGPU) pass-through involves several steps to ensure that the GPU is properly assigned and functional within a virtual machine environment. This process requires careful attention to system compatibility and configuration settings.

#### Prerequisites
Before proceeding with IGPU passthrough, verify that hardware supports IOMMU (Intel VT-d or AMD-Vi). Ensure these features are enabled in BIOS/UEFI firmware settings[^4]. Additionally, confirm that the host operating system kernel includes necessary modules for device assignment (`vfio-pci`, `kvm-intel`).

#### Host System Preparation
Modify GRUB parameters to enable Intel IGD support by editing `/etc/default/grub`. Add specific options ensuring proper initialization of integrated GPUs during boot:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on i915.enable_gvt=1"

After updating this file, regenerate grub configuration files using:

update-grub

Reboot the server after making changes so they take effect.

#### VM Configuration Adjustments
Create or modify an existing KVM-based guest where you intend to use passed-through graphics resources. Within Web UI navigate through relevant sections adjusting following properties as needed:

- **Machine Type**: Select Q35 chipset which offers better PCI express capabilities.
- **CPU Settings**: Choose appropriate model supporting nested paging; consider models like `-host,-hypervisor`.

For direct access control over physical devices add lines similar below into respective `.conf` file located under `/etc/pve/qemu-server/<vmid>.conf` path replacing placeholders accordingly:

args: -device vfio-pci,host=00:02.0,id=vfio0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x2 \
      -set device.vfio0.x-vga=on \
      -set device.vfio0.msi=off

Here `00:02.0` represents BDF address identifying onboard video adapter on motherboard used here exemplarily – actual value may differ depending upon individual setup specifics.

Ensure also enabling UEFI firmware instead of legacy BIOS mode when creating new guests since some modern graphic cards require it functioning correctly post-passing operation completed successfully.

Finally apply all modifications made then start targetted instance verifying everything operates expectedly including display output redirected towards connected monitor(s).

--related questions--

1. What other types of hardware can be directly assigned via VFIO in Proxmox?
2. How does one troubleshoot common issues encountered while setting up GPU passthrough?
3. Can multiple GPUs be simultaneously passed through different VMs running concurrently inside same PVE node?
4. Is there any performance impact observed from passing through integrated versus dedicated discrete GPUs?