snake算法c语言

以下是一个简单的贪吃蛇游戏的C语言实现，包含了基本的游戏逻辑和控制台界面的绘制。代码中使用了结构体来表示蛇和食物，使用了链表来存储蛇的身体。具体实现细节可以参考代码注释。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <time.h>

#define WIDTH 40 // 游戏界面宽度
#define HEIGHT 20 // 游戏界面高度

// 定义方向常量
#define UP 1
#define DOWN 2
#define LEFT 3
#define RIGHT 4

// 定义蛇的结构体
typedef struct Snake {
    int x, y; // 蛇头坐标
    struct Snake *next; // 指向下一个节点的指针
} Snake;

// 定义食物的结构体
typedef struct Food {
    int x, y; // 食物坐标
} Food;

// 初始化蛇
Snake *initSnake() {
    Snake *head = (Snake *)malloc(sizeof(Snake));
    head->x = WIDTH / 2;
    head->y = HEIGHT / 2;
    head->next = NULL;
    return head;
}

// 在控制台上绘制游戏界面
void drawGame(Snake *snake, Food *food) {
    system("cls"); // 清屏
    // 绘制上边界
    for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH + 2; i++) {
        printf("#");
    }
    printf("\n");
    // 绘制游戏界面
    for (int i = 0; i < HEIGHT; i++) {
        printf("#");
        for (int j = 0; j < WIDTH; j++) {
            if (i == snake->y && j == snake->x) { // 绘制蛇头
                printf("O");
            } else if (food->x == j && food->y == i) { // 绘制食物
                printf("*");
            } else { // 绘制空格
                int flag = 0;
                Snake *p = snake->next;
                while (p != NULL) {
                    if (p->x == j && p->y == i) {
                        printf("o"); // 绘制蛇身
                        flag = 1;
                        break;
                    }
                    p = p->next;
                }
                if (!flag) {
                    printf(" ");
                }
            }
        }
        printf("#\n");
    }
    // 绘制下边界
    for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH + 2; i++) {
        printf("#");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

// 生成食物
void generateFood(Food *food, Snake *snake) {
    srand((unsigned int)time(NULL)); // 设置随机数种子
    while (1) {
        int flag = 0;
        food->x = rand() % WIDTH;
        food->y = rand() % HEIGHT;
        Snake *p = snake;
        while (p != NULL) {
            if (p->x == food->x && p->y == food->y) {
                flag = 1;
                break;
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
        if (!flag) {
            break;
        }
    }
}

// 判断蛇是否吃到食物
int isEatFood(Snake *snake, Food *food) {
    if (snake->x == food->x && snake->y == food->y) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

// 判断蛇是否撞墙或撞到自己
int isGameOver(Snake *snake) {
    if (snake->x < 0 || snake->x >= WIDTH || snake->y < 0 || snake->y >= HEIGHT) { // 撞墙
        return 1;
    }
    Snake *p = snake->next;
    while (p != NULL) { // 撞到自己
        if (p->x == snake->x && p->y == snake->y) {
            return 1;
        }
        p = p->next;
    }
    return 0;
}

// 更新蛇的位置
void updateSnake(Snake *snake, int direction, int isEat) {
    Snake *newHead = (Snake *)malloc(sizeof(Snake));
    newHead->x = snake->x;
    newHead->y = snake->y;
    if (direction == UP) {
        newHead->y--;
    } else if (direction == DOWN) {
        newHead->y++;
    } else if (direction == LEFT) {
        newHead->x--;
    } else if (direction == RIGHT) {
        newHead->x++;
    }
    newHead->next = snake;
    snake = newHead;
    if (!isEat) { // 如果没有吃到食物，则删除蛇尾
        Snake *p = snake;
        while (p->next->next != NULL) {
            p = p->next;
        }
        free(p->next);
        p->next = NULL;
    }
}

int main() {
    Snake *snake = initSnake(); // 初始化蛇
    Food *food = (Food *)malloc(sizeof(Food)); // 初始化食物
    generateFood(food, snake); // 生成食物
    int direction = RIGHT; // 初始方向向右
    while (1) {
        drawGame(snake, food); // 绘制游戏界面
        if (_kbhit()) { // 判断是否有键盘输入
            char ch = _getch();
            if (ch == 'w' || ch == 'W' || ch == 72) { // 上
                if (direction != DOWN) {
                    direction = UP;
                }
            } else if (ch == 's' || ch == 'S' || ch == 80) { // 下
                if (direction != UP) {
                    direction = DOWN;
                }
            } else if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'A' || ch == 75) { // 左
                if (direction != RIGHT) {
                    direction = LEFT;
                }
            } else if (ch == 'd' || ch == 'D' || ch == 77) { // 右
                if (direction != LEFT) {
                    direction = RIGHT;
                }
            }
        }
        int isEat = isEatFood(snake, food); // 判断是否吃到食物
        if (isEat) {
            generateFood(food, snake); // 生成新的食物
        }
        updateSnake(snake, direction, isEat); // 更新蛇的位置
        if (isGameOver(snake)) { // 判断游戏是否结束
            printf("Game Over!\n");
            break;
        }
        Sleep(100); // 控制游戏速度
    }
    return 0;
}