NLMSG_SPACE
时间: 2023-08-05 16:07:17 浏览: 89
`NLMSG_SPACE`是一个宏定义,用于计算给定Netlink消息有效载荷长度所需的总空间大小(包括消息头和有效载荷)。
在Linux内核中,Netlink消息由消息头(`struct nlmsghdr`)和有效载荷数据组成。`NLMSG_SPACE`宏的目的是根据有效载荷的长度计算出整个Netlink消息所需的空间大小。
它的定义如下:
```c
#define NLMSG_SPACE(len) (NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsghdr)) + NLMSG_ALIGN(len))
```
其中,`sizeof(struct nlmsghdr)`用于计算消息头的大小,并通过`NLMSG_ALIGN`宏进行对齐处理。`NLMSG_ALIGN`用于将给定值按照Netlink消息对齐要求进行对齐,通常是4字节对齐。
然后,将消息头大小和有效载荷的长度相加,即可得到整个Netlink消息所需的总空间大小。
使用`NLMSG_SPACE`宏可以方便地计算Netlink消息的总空间大小,以便在内核或用户空间中进行相关的内存分配和数据处理操作。
相关问题
linux如何创建PF_NETLINK协议通信,写出服务端和客户端
PF_NETLINK是Linux内核提供的一种用于内核与用户空间进程之间通信的协议。下面是一个简单的PF_NETLINK服务端和客户端的示例代码:
服务端代码:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#define NETLINK_TEST 25
#define MSG_LEN 100
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int skfd;
struct sockaddr_nl saddr, daddr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg;
char msg_buf[MSG_LEN];
// 创建socket
skfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST);
if (skfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 绑定源地址
memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
saddr.nl_pid = getpid();
saddr.nl_groups = 0;
if (bind(skfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0) {
perror("bind");
close(skfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 初始化目标地址
memset(&daddr, 0, sizeof(daddr));
daddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
daddr.nl_pid = 0; // 目标地址为内核
daddr.nl_groups = 0;
// 构造netlink消息
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)msg_buf;
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(strlen("Hello from kernel!"));
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
strcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), "Hello from kernel!");
// 设置iov
iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
// 设置msghdr
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
msg.msg_name = (void *)&daddr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(daddr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
// 发送消息
if (sendmsg(skfd, &msg, 0) == -1) {
perror("sendmsg");
close(skfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Kernel message sent.\n");
close(skfd);
return 0;
}
```
客户端代码:
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#define NETLINK_TEST 25
#define MSG_LEN 100
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int skfd;
struct sockaddr_nl saddr, daddr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct iovec iov;
struct msghdr msg;
char msg_buf[MSG_LEN];
// 创建socket
skfd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_TEST);
if (skfd == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 初始化源地址
memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
saddr.nl_pid = getpid();
saddr.nl_groups = 0;
// 绑定源地址
if (bind(skfd, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0) {
perror("bind");
close(skfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// 初始化目标地址
memset(&daddr, 0, sizeof(daddr));
daddr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
daddr.nl_pid = 0; // 目标地址为内核
daddr.nl_groups = 0;
// 构造netlink消息
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)msg_buf;
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MSG_LEN);
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
strcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), "Hello from user space!");
// 设置iov
iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
// 设置msghdr
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
msg.msg_name = (void *)&daddr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(daddr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
// 发送消息
if (sendmsg(skfd, &msg, 0) == -1) {
perror("sendmsg");
close(skfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("User message sent.\n");
// 接收消息
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
msg.msg_name = (void *)&saddr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(saddr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
if (recvmsg(skfd, &msg, 0) == -1) {
perror("recvmsg");
close(skfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Received message from kernel: %s\n", (char *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
close(skfd);
return 0;
}
```
运行上述服务端和客户端代码即可进行PF_NETLINK通信。注意需要以root权限运行程序。
linux 使用PF_NETLINK协议用户进程间通信, 服务端收不到请求是什么问题? 正确的服务端客户端代码应该怎么写
如果服务端收不到请求,可能有以下几个问题:
1. 服务端没有正确地绑定监听的 netlink socket,需要使用 `bind()` 函数将其绑定到正确的 netlink family 和 multicast group 上;
2. 服务端没有正确地设置 netlink socket 的接收缓冲区大小,可以使用 `setsockopt()` 函数来设置;
3. 客户端没有正确地发送请求,需要使用 `sendto()` 函数发送请求,并且请求结构体的长度需要和发送的字节数相等。
下面是一个简单的服务端和客户端代码示例:
服务端:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#define NETLINK_USER 31
struct sockaddr_nl src_addr, dest_addr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct iovec iov;
int sock_fd;
int main() {
// 创建 netlink socket
sock_fd = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_USER);
if (sock_fd < 0) {
printf("Error creating socket.\n");
return -1;
}
// 绑定 netlink socket
memset(&src_addr, 0, sizeof(src_addr));
src_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
src_addr.nl_pid = getpid();
src_addr.nl_groups = 0;
if (bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr)) < 0) {
printf("Error binding socket.\n");
return -1;
}
// 设置 netlink socket 接收缓冲区大小
int rcvbuf_size = 1024 * 1024;
setsockopt(sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &rcvbuf_size, sizeof(rcvbuf_size));
// 接收客户端请求
while (1) {
// 准备接收缓冲区
char recv_buf[1024];
memset(recv_buf, 0, sizeof(recv_buf));
iov.iov_base = recv_buf;
iov.iov_len = sizeof(recv_buf);
// 接收请求
memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr*)recv_buf;
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
nlh->nlmsg_pid = 0;
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
struct msghdr msg;
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
msg.msg_name = &dest_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
// 解析请求数据
int* data = (int*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
printf("Received request: %d\n", *data);
// 构造响应数据
char resp_buf[1024];
memset(resp_buf, 0, sizeof(resp_buf));
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr*)resp_buf;
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
data = (int*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
*data = *data * 2;
// 发送响应
iov.iov_base = (void*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
iov.iov_len = sizeof(int);
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
dest_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
dest_addr.nl_pid = 0;
dest_addr.nl_groups = 0;
msg.msg_name = &dest_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
}
return 0;
}
```
客户端:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#define NETLINK_USER 31
struct sockaddr_nl src_addr, dest_addr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct iovec iov;
int sock_fd;
int main() {
// 创建 netlink socket
sock_fd = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_USER);
if (sock_fd < 0) {
printf("Error creating socket.\n");
return -1;
}
// 准备请求数据
int data = 10;
char req_buf[1024];
memset(req_buf, 0, sizeof(req_buf));
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr*)req_buf;
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
struct iovec iov_req;
iov_req.iov_base = &data;
iov_req.iov_len = sizeof(data);
iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
NLMSG_DATA(nlh) = &data;
// 发送请求
memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
dest_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
dest_addr.nl_pid = 0;
dest_addr.nl_groups = 0;
struct msghdr msg;
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
msg.msg_name = &dest_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov_req;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
// 接收响应
char resp_buf[1024];
memset(resp_buf, 0, sizeof(resp_buf));
iov.iov_base = resp_buf;
iov.iov_len = sizeof(resp_buf);
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr*)resp_buf;
memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
msg.msg_name = &dest_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
// 解析响应数据
int* resp_data = (int*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
printf("Received response: %d\n", *resp_data);
return 0;
}
```
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