企业级JavaBean 3.1实战指南：构建分布式应用

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《企业JavaBean 3.1》第六版是由Andrew Lee Rubinger和Bill Burke共同编写的经典指南，专为学习、开发和部署功能完备的企业级Java组件而设计。本书是基于JBoss EJB 3.1版本，旨在帮助读者全面理解并掌握这项技术。EJB 3.1的核心是简化了分布式业务应用的服务器端组件模型，使得技术更加易于使用，但同时也强调了深入学习和实践的重要性。在本书中，作者提供了一个实用的工作簿，通过实例演示，让读者能够快速上手EJB 3.1的各种组件类型和容器服务。这些内容包括： 1. **入门实战**：通过一步步的指导，读者可以亲手构建第一个EJB，逐步掌握EJB 3.1的基本概念和架构。 2. **业务逻辑封装**：学习如何使用Session Beans和Message-Driven Beans（MDB）来封装和管理复杂的业务逻辑，确保代码的模块化和重用。 3. **持久化处理**：了解Entity Beans、EntityManager和Java Persistence API在数据持久化中的角色，掌握如何与数据库进行高效交互。 4. **容器服务**：深入理解EJB的容器服务，如依赖注入、并发控制和拦截器，这些都是实现应用程序高可用性和灵活性的关键机制。 5. **技术集成**：学习如何将EJB与其他Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE)平台的技术如Servlet、JSP、Web Services等无缝集成，构建完整的解决方案。 6. **容器选择**：本书提供的示例适用于JBoss AS、OpenEJB或GlassFish v3等多个流行的EJB容器，方便读者根据实际环境选择最合适的容器进行实践。《企业JavaBean 3.1》第六版不仅是对EJB 3.1规范的详尽解析，还提供了丰富的实战经验，适合希望在企业级应用开发中运用Java技术的专业人士和初学者。无论是为了系统学习还是快速提升技能，这本书都是不可或缺的参考资料。

J. Timer Service: Credit Card Processor Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

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xiv | Table of Contents

Preface

Author’s Note

Reluctantly succumbing to my father’s urging in the spring of 2000, I enrolled in my

first software development course at the University of Massachusetts. Following years

of frustration getting my computer to “just do what I want,” I quickly found our roles

inverted; I was in charge of the machine.

Academia proved a bit abstract to my sophomoric eyes, and after those first few months

of study, I yearned to make programs that delivered real user value. Endless trial-and-

error led me to the conclusion that it’s best not to write every little thing on your own—

it was more efficient to build upon the work of others.

By then the JBoss open source community was picking up steam with this thing called

an “Application Server,” a neat program that ran other programs. To a junior developer

it meant no more networking code. No more manual database connections. No more

object pools or caches. It meant no more speaking like a computer. It meant writing

the programs I wanted to build, not the mechanics underneath.

My experience with this enterprise software miraculously made me marketable enough

to snag a post-college job in the middle of the dot-com fallout, and during my tenure

there we enrolled in a weeklong training session from the source—JBoss, Inc.

The reputation of our instructor preceded his arrival, his name sprinkled about the

JBoss codebase, popular forums, and the upcoming EJB 3.0 specification. Bill Burke

came to deliver course material, but in my eyes he planted the seed that it’s possible to

become part of a greater community where people talk about software problems, cri-

tique one another’s ideas in public, and generally get paid to contribute to the global

computing effort.

Over the next few years I stayed active on the user forums and submitted patches,

looking to improve upon the new JBoss EJB3 container. One day my mail client blinked

with an incoming message from the team lead, Carlo de Wolf:

There is an opening for an EJB 3 developer in my team. Are you interested?

Why, yes.

The ethos of my development from inside JBoss and Red Hat have been the same as

they were from the start: keep application programmers writing application code.

One fall night at a team dinner, Bill extended to me the reins of his hugely successful

EJB book from O’Reilly, the same text that initially showed me the ropes. This edition

is the product of that discussion.

Who Should Read This Book

This book explains and demonstrates the fundamentals of the EJB 3.1 and Java Per-

sistence programming models. Although EJB makes application development much

simpler, it is still a complex technology that requires a great deal of time and study to

master. This book provides a straightforward, no-nonsense explanation of the under-

lying technology, Java™ classes and interfaces, the component model, and the runtime

behavior of EJB. It does not include material on previous versions of the specification,

however.

Although this book focuses on the fundamentals, it’s not a “dummies” book. EJB is an

extremely complex and ambitious enterprise technology. While using EJB may be fairly

simple, the amount of work required to understand and master EJB is significant. Before

reading this book, you should be fluent in the Java language and have some practical

experience developing business solutions. Experience with distributed object systems

is not a must, but you will need some experience with JDBC (or at least an under-

standing of the basics) to follow the examples in this book. If you are unfamiliar with

the Java language, I recommend Learning Java; this book was formerly Exploring

Java (both from O’Reilly). If you are unfamiliar with JDBC, I recommend Database

Programming with JDBC and Java (O’Reilly). If you need a stronger background in

distributed computing, I recommend Java Distributed Computing (O’Reilly).

How This Book Is Organized

This book is organized in five parts: Parts I through IV make up the technical manu-

script, while Part V comprises the examples. The technical manuscript explains what

EJB is, how it works, and when to use it. Part V provides step-by-step instructions for

installing, configuring, and running the examples.

The technical manuscript was adapted from Bill Burke and Richard Monson-Haefel’s

fifth edition of this book by yours truly, Andrew Lee Rubinger. The code contained

herein is not vendor-specific in any way, and it will often value concision over verbose

code samples. The intent of this section is to focus on conceptual understanding.

xvi | Preface

Part I, Why Enterprise JavaBeans?

Multiuser distributed system are inherently complex. To ignore the issues they present

is to ask for trouble down the line. Luckily, you don’t have to do all the work yourself;

Chapters 1 through 4 outline the benefits of taking advantage of EJB—a component

model for simplified development of enterprise applications.

Part II, Server-Side Component Models

In Chapters 5 through 8 we dive into the mechanics of EJB with relation to business

logic. We’ll explore the various models available and discuss when each may be

appropriate.

Part III, EJB and Persistence

While the server-side component models typically speak to actions, the EJB Entity

model addresses the need to interact with persistent state. Java Persistence exposes

relational data as objects, and EJB comes with integration built-in. Chapters 9 through

14 cover these topics.

Part IV, Container Services

EJB is armed with a powerful feature set ensuring secure and consistent execution of

your application. Chapters 15 through 21 will uncover the utility and configuration of

these helpful services. Jason T. Greene adapted Chapters 20 and 21.

Part V, Examples

The examples workbook shows how to execute examples from those chapters in the

book that include at least one significant example. You’ll want to read the introduction

to the workbook to set up your build environment and configure it to run the examples.

After that, just go to the workbook chapter that matches the chapter you’re reading.

The examples themselves will have a release cycle that outlives this book, so you may

want to check back to get bug fixes, enhancements, and other updates as time goes on.

Software and Versions

This book covers EJB 3.1 and Java Persistence 2.0. It uses Java language features from

the Java SE 6 platform. Because the focus of this book is on developing vendor-

independent EJB components and solutions, we have stayed away from proprietary

extensions and vendor-dependent idioms wherever possible. You can use any EJB-

compliant server with this book, but you should be familiar with your server’s specific

Preface | xvii

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