JavaFX 2深度教程：入门与实战

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"《Pro JavaFX 2》是一本详尽的JavaFX 2教程，由Apress出版，总共有600多页，旨在为读者提供深入理解JavaFX开发的基础和进阶知识。该书涵盖了JavaFX开发的关键主题，从入门到高级技术，包括但不限于： 1. **第1章：JavaFX入门** - 本书的第一部分引导读者快速了解JavaFX，介绍了其在Java平台上的位置以及开发环境的设置。 2. **第2章：创建用户界面** - 讲述了如何设计和构建用户界面，包括布局管理、组件选择以及美学设计原则。 3. **第3章：属性与绑定** - 解释了如何利用JavaFX的属性和数据绑定机制，实现控件间的自动数据同步。 4. **第4章：动态布局** - 探讨了响应式布局和动态调整，使应用能够适应不同的屏幕尺寸和设备。 5. **第5章：JavaFX UI控件** - 深入讲解了各种内置控件的使用，如按钮、文本框、列表等，并探讨了自定义控件的创建方法。 6. **第6章：集合与并发** - 提供了对JavaFX中的集合框架和并发处理的理解，帮助开发者编写高效、可扩展的应用。 7. **第7章：创建图表** - 学习如何利用JavaFX的图形和可视化能力，生成交互式的图表和图形表示。 8. **第8章：媒体处理** - 教授如何集成音频、视频和其他多媒体元素，提升用户体验。 9. **第9章：访问Web服务** - 探索如何利用JavaFX与Web服务进行通信，获取和处理网络数据。 10. **第10章：JavaFX语言与标记** - 涉及了语法、API和XML标记语言的使用，帮助开发者掌握丰富的表达方式。附录部分深入解析了名为Visage的语言特性，这可能是本书特色的一部分，或是针对特定场景的高级技术讨论。通过阅读《Pro JavaFX 2》，读者不仅能掌握JavaFX的基本技能，还能了解到其在现代应用开发中的实际应用场景和创新可能性。书中提供的实用案例和实战指导，有助于开发人员快速成长并创造出引人入胜的JavaFX应用程序。正如 Howard Thurman 所说：“不要问世界需要什么，而是去做让自己充满活力的事情，因为世界需要的是有活力的人。”"

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

javafx.scene.image package and the Group class in the javafx.scene package. In both cases, they inherit

from the Node class.

■ Tip We can’t emphasize enough the importance of having the JavaFX API documentation handy while

reading this book. As classes, variables, and functions are mentioned, it’s often a good idea to look at the

documentation to get more information. In addition, this habit helps you become more familiar with what is

available to you in the API.

Displaying Images

As shown in the following code, displaying an image entails using an ImageView instance in conjunction

with an Image instance.

ImageViewBuilder.create()

.image(new Image("http://projavafx.com/images/earthrise.jpg"))

.build(),

The Image instance identifies the image resource and loads it from the URL assigned to its URL

variable. Both of these classes are located in the javafx.scene.image package.

Working with Graphical Nodes as a Group

One powerful graphical feature of JavaFX is the ability to create scene graphs, which consist of a tree of

graphical nodes. You can then assign values to properties of a Group located in the hierarchy, and the

nodes contained in the Group will be affected. In our current example from Listing 1-1, we’re using a

Group to contain a Text node and to clip a specific rectangular region within the Group so that the text

doesn’t appear on the moon or the Earth as it animates upward. Here’s the relevant code snippet:

GroupBuilder.create()

.layoutX(50)

.layoutY(180)

.children(

textRef

)

.clip(

RectangleBuilder.create()

.width(430)

.height(85)

.build()

)

.build()

Notice that the Group is located 50 pixels to the right and 180 pixels down, from where it would have

been located by default. This is due to the values assigned to the layoutX and layoutY variables of the

Group instance. Because this Group is contained directly by the Scene, its upper-left corner’s location is

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

The layoutX and layoutY properties of the Group just described are examples of our earlier

statement that nodes contained in a Group will be affected by values assigned to properties of the

Group. Another example is setting the opacity property of a Group instance to 0.5, which causes all of

the nodes contained in that Group to become translucent. If the JavaFX API documentation is handy,

look at the properties available in the javafx.scene.Group class. Then look at the properties available in

the javafx.scene.Node class properties, which is where you’ll find the layoutX, layoutY, and opacity

variables that are inherited by the Group class.

Drawing Text

In the previous snippet, notice that several variables are available in the Text class. This particular

example is a little more complicated than the normal use of the Text class. Let’s first look at a typical

case, shown in the following snippet, in which you simply want to draw a string of text characters

somewhere in the scene.

TextBuilder.create()

.layoutX(65)

.layoutY(12)

.textOrigin(VPos.TOP)

.fill(Color.WHITE)

.text("Audio Configuration")

.font(Font.font("SansSerif", FontWeight.BOLD, 20))

.build(),

This snippet, borrowed from the Audio Configuration example in Figure 1-7 and Listing 1-3 later in

this chapter, draws the graphical Text string “Audio Configuration” in a bold Sans Serif font. The font

size is 20, and the color of the text is white.

Referring again to the JavaFX API documentation, notice that the VPos enum (in the javafx.geometry

package) has fields that serve as constants, for example, BASELINE, BOTTOM, and TOP. These control

the origin of the text with respect to vertical locations on the displayed Text:

• The TOP origin, as we’re using it in the previous code snippet, places the top of the

text (including ascenders) at the layoutY position, relative to the co-ordinate space

in which the Text is located.

• The BOTTOM origin would place the bottom of the text, including descenders

(located in a lowercase “g”, for example) at the layoutY position.

• The BASELINE origin would place the baseline of the text (excluding descenders)

at the layoutY position. This is the default value for the textOrigin property of a

Text instance.

While you’re looking at the javafx.scene.text package in the API documentation, take a look at the

font function of the Font class, which is used in the previous snippet to define the font family, weight,

and size of the Text.

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

Turning back again to the Hello Earthrise example in Listing 1-1, we’re using some additional

properties of the Text class that enable it to flow from one line to the next:

• The wrappingWidth property enables you to specify at what number of pixels the

text will wrap.

• The textAlignment property enables you to control how the text will be justified. In

our example, TextAlignment.JUSTIFY aligns the text on both the left and right

sides, expanding the space between words to achieve that.

The text that we’re displaying is sufficiently long to wrap and be drawn on the Earth, so we need to

define a rectangular region outside of which that text can’t be seen.

Clipping Graphical Areas

To define a clipping area, we assign a Node subclass to the clip property that defines the clipping shape,

in this case a Rectangle that is 430 pixels wide and 85 pixels high. In addition to keeping the Text from

covering the moon, when the Text scrolls up as a result of animation the clipping area keeps the Text

from covering the earth.

Animating the Text to Make It Scroll Up

When the HelloEarthriseMain program is invoked, the Text begins scrolling up slowly. To achieve this

animation, we’re using the TranslateTransition class located in the javafx.animation package, as shown

in the following snippet from Listing 1-1.

TranslateTransition transTransition = TranslateTransitionBuilder.create()

.duration(new Duration(75000))

.node(textRef)

.toY(-820)

.interpolator(Interpolator.LINEAR)

.cycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE)

.build();

...code omitted...

// Start the text animation

transTransition.play();

The javafx.animation package contains convenience classes for animating nodes. This

TranslateTransition instance (created by the TranslateTransitionBuilder class) translates the Text node

referenced by the textRef variable from its original Y position of 100 pixels to a Y position of –820 pixels,

over a duration of 75 seconds. The Interpolator.LINEAR constant is assigned to the interpolator

property, which causes the animation to proceed in a linear fashion. A look at the API docs for the

Interpolator class in the javafx.animation package reveals that there are other forms of interpolation

available, one of which is EASE_OUT, which slows down the animation toward the end of the specified

duration.

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