AWS A5.11M-2018：镍及镍合金焊条规范
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AWSA5.11-A5.11M-2018是一份由美国焊接学会(AWS)制定并经美国国家标准协会批准的美国国家标准，专门针对镍和镍合金焊接电极的焊接工艺进行规范。这份标准适用于超过40种分类的镍和镍合金，用于指导 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) 焊接过程中的材料选择、制造、检验和应用。
主要内容包括：
1. **通用要求**：该标准对镍和镍合金电极的基本性能和质量特性提出了全面的要求，确保焊接结果的可靠性和一致性。
2. **成分规定**：详细说明了电极的化学成分组成，这些成分对于焊缝的机械性能、耐腐蚀性和热稳定性至关重要。
3. **尺寸与形状**：标准规定了电极的尺寸和几何形状，以便于操作者在实际焊接过程中准确使用。
4. **焊缝金属的soundness（完整性）和properties（性质）**：确保焊缝具有足够的强度、韧性、硬度以及其他关键性能指标，以满足不同应用场景的需求。
5. **测试方法**：对电极的质量检测进行了详细描述，包括化学成分分析、机械性能测试、外观检查等，以验证其符合性。
6. **制造过程**：明确了电极的生产工艺，包括原材料选取、制备步骤、熔炼、成型和包装等环节的质量控制。
7. **标识与包装**：规定了电极的标记方式和包装要求，便于用户识别和存储，保证产品质量的一致性和追溯性。
8. **附录A指南**：提供了使用本标准的实用指南，帮助焊接工程师和技术人员理解和应用标准的各项规定。
值得注意的是，AWSA5.11-A5.11M-2018采用了美国 customary units 和国际单位系统(SI)双体系，以便适应不同国家和地区的需求。这体现了标准的灵活性和国际化视野。
AWSA5.11-A5.11M-2018是焊接行业的重要参考标准，为镍和镍合金电极的生产和应用提供了一套完整的质量控制框架，确保焊接工作的高效和安全。任何从事镍合金焊接的组织和个人，在设计、采购或执行焊接任务时，都需要遵循这一标准来确保焊接质量。
AWS
A5.11/A5.11M:2018
Foreword
This
foreword
is
not
part
of
this
standard
but
is
included
for
informational
purposes
only.
This
document
is
the
fourth
revision
to
A5.ll
specifications
which
makes
use
of
both
U.S.
Customary
Units
and
the
International
System
of
Units
(SI).
The
measurements
are
not
exact
equivalents;
therefore
each
system
must
be
used
independently
of
the
other,
without
combining
values
in
any
way.
In
selecting
rational
metric
units,
AWS
Al.l,
Metric
Practice
Guide
for
the
Welding
Industry,
and
International
Standard
ISO
544,
Welding
consumables
一
Technical
deliv
ery
conditions
for
welding
filler
materials
and
fluxes
一
Type
of
product,
dimensions,
tolerances
and
markings,
are
used
where
suitable.
Tables
and
figures
make
use
of
both
U.S.
Customary
and
SI
units,
which
with
the
application
of
the
specified
tolerances
provides
for
interchangeability
of
products
in
both
the
U.S.
Customary
and
SI
units.
This
document
also
relates
its
classifications
to
ISO
14172,
Welding
consumables
一
Covered
electrodes
for
manual
metal
arc
welding
of
nickel
and
nickel
alloys
—
—
Classification.
The
first
specification
for
nickel
and
nickel-alloy
covered
electrodes
was
issued
in
1954
by
a
joint
committee
of
the
American
Society
for
Testing
and
Materials
and
the
American
Welding
Society.
The
first
revision
in
1964
was
also
the
result
of
the
cooperative
effort.
This
revision
is
the
eighth
prepared
entirely
by
the
AWS
A5
Committee
on
Filler
Metals
and
Allied
Materials.
Substantive
changes,
such
as
addition
of
new
filler
metal
classifications
ENiCrFe-15
and
ENiMoCr-1
along
with
chem
ical
composition
change
in
ENiCrMo-19
are
shown
in
Italic
font.
The
requester
of
the
chemical
composition
change
for
ENiCrMo-19
classification
stated
that
this
alloy
is
not
patented
in
USA,
but
patented
in
Germany
(patent
DE
59801333),
France
(patent
FR
991788),
and
the
UK
(GB
991788).
All
of
these
were
generated
out
of
the
European
patent
EP991788
and
will
expire
on
May
27,
2018.
Requirements
for
diameter
and
length,
core
wire
and
covering,
exposed
core,
electrode
identification,
packaging,
and
marking
of
packages
now
refer
to
AWS
A5.02/A5.02M.
NOTE:
The
user's
attention
is
called
to
the
possibility
that
compliance
with
this
standard
may
require
use
of
an
invention
covered
by
patent
rights.
By
publication
of
this
standard,
no
position
is
taken
with
respect
to
the
validity
of
any
such
claim
or
of
any
patent
rights
in
connection
therewith.
If
the
patent
holder
has
filed
a
statement
of
willingness
to
grant
a
license
under
these
rights
on
reasonable
and
non-discriminatory
terms
and
conditions
to
applicants
desiring
to
obtain
such
a
license,
then
details
may
be
obtained
from
the
standard
developer.
Document
Development
ASTM
B295-54T
AWS
A5.11-54T
AWS
A5.11-64T
ASTM
B295-64T
AWS
A5.11-69
AWS
A5.11-Add
1-75
AWS
A5.11-76
Tentative
Specification
for
Nickel-Base
Alloy
Covered
Welding
Electrodes
Tentative
Specification
for
Nickel
and
Nickel-Alloy
Covered
Welding
Electrodes
Specification
for
Nickel
and
Nickel-Alloy
Covered
Welding
Electrodes
Addenda
to
Specification
for
Nickel
and
Nickel
Alloy
Covered
Welding
Electrodes
Specification
for
Nickel
and
Nickel
Alloy
Covered
Welding
Electrodes
ANSI/AWS
A5.
11-83
Specification
for
Nickel
and
Nickel
Alloy
Covered
Welding
Electrodes
ANSI/AWS
A5.
11-90
Specification
for
Nickel
and
Nickel
Alloy
Welding
Electrodes
for
Shielded
Metal
Arc
Welding
ix
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