Oracle Solaris 11.3：配置路由器或负载均衡器指南

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本篇文档是关于在Oracle Solaris 11.3操作系统上配置路由器或负载均衡器的详细指南。Oracle Solaris 11.3是一款高度稳定且功能强大的企业级操作系统，它提供了丰富的网络服务配置选项，以便于满足复杂的网络架构需求。标题中的"Configuring an Oracle Solaris 11.3 System as a Router or a Load Balancer"表明了文章的核心内容，即如何在Oracle Solaris 11.3环境中设置网络设备，将其功能提升到路由（路由数据包并决定最佳路径）和负载均衡（分配网络流量，确保服务的高可用性和性能）的角色。这涉及到系统级别的网络配置，可能包括防火墙规则、路由表管理、服务端口映射、协议栈优化等。文档编号E54744以及版权信息揭示了此文档可能属于官方教程或技术参考手册，由Oracle公司及其关联方所有，强调了合法使用和保密性要求。用户在使用过程中必须遵守许可协议中的条款，不可随意复制、修改或传播，除非法律允许或者在协议中明确许可。文章强调了软件和文档的知识产权保护，并警告未经许可进行逆向工程、拆解或编译软件是被禁止的，除非法律法规有特殊规定为了实现兼容性。同时，文档内容可能会随时更新，且不承诺无误，用户在发现错误时应以书面形式报告给Oracle公司。对于政府用户或代表政府购买和使用此软件或文档的情况，文档还包括了适用的美国政府版权通知，可能涉及特殊许可要求和限制。本篇文档是为系统管理员和网络工程师提供了一套详细的步骤和最佳实践，帮助他们在Oracle Solaris 11.3平台上实现路由器和负载均衡器的功能配置，确保网络环境的高效运行和安全性。通过阅读和遵循这些指导，用户可以更好地理解和操作Oracle Solaris 11.3的网络服务特性。

Integrated Load Balancer Overview

Features of ILB

The key features of ILB include the following:

■

Supports stateless Direct Server Return (DSR) and Network Address Translation (NAT)

modes of operation for IPv4 and IPv6.

For information about DSR and NAT modes of operation, see “ILB Operation

Modes” on page 56.

■

Assists traffic and load distribution and server selection by using a set of algorithms for the

two modes of operation.

■

Enables ILB administration through a command-line interface (CLI).

For information about configuring ILB by using CLI, see “Configuring ILB by Using the

Command-Line Interface” on page 64.

■

Provides server monitoring capabilities through health checks.

For information about server monitoring capabilities, see “Monitoring Health Checks in

ILB” on page 70.

The following table lists and describes the features of ILB that are available for different modes

of operation.

TABLE 3

ILB Features

Features Description Mode of

Operation

Enables clients to ping virtual IP

(VIP) addresses

ILB responds to ICMP echo requests from clients to VIP

addresses.

Both DSR and

NAT modes

Enables you to add and remove

servers from a server group

without interrupting service

ILB dynamically adds or removes servers from server

group.

NAT mode

Enables you to configure session

persistence ("stickiness")

ILB enables you to configure session persistence to your

applications to send the connections or packets from a

client to the same back-end server. ILB enables you to

configure session persistence (that is, source address

persistence) for a virtual service by using the -p option

and specifying the pmask option in the ilbadm create-

rule command. For more information, see “Creating an

ILB Rule” on page 74.

Both DSR and

NAT modes

Enables you to perform connection

draining

ILB prevents new connections from being sent to a server

that is disabled. This feature is useful for shutting down

a server without disrupting the active connections or

sessions. The existing connections to the server continue

to function. After all the connections to that server are

terminated, the server can be shut down for maintenance.

After the server is ready to handle requests, it is enabled so

that the load balancer can forward new connections to it.

NAT mode

16 Configuring an Oracle Solaris 11.3 System as a Router or a Load Balancer • December 2018

Why Use VRRP Routers and Load Balancers?

Features Description Mode of

Operation

Enables load-balancing of

Transmission Control Protocol

(TCP) and User Datagram

Protocol (UDP) ports

ILB balances the load on all ports on a given IP address

across different sets of servers without requiring you to set

up explicit rules for each port.

Both DSR and

NAT modes

Enables you to specify

independent ports for virtual

services within the same server

group

ILB enables you to specify different destination ports for

different servers in the same server group.

NAT mode

Enables you to load-balance a

simple port range

ILB balances loads on a range of ports on the VIP to a

given server group. For convenience, you can conserve IP

addresses by load-balancing different port ranges on the

same VIP to different sets of back-end servers. Also, when

session persistence is enabled for NAT mode, ILB sends

requests from the same client IP address for different ports

in the range to the same back-end server.

Both DSR an

NAT modes

Enables port range shifting and

collapsing

Port range shifting and collapsing depend on the port

range of a server in a load-balancing rule. If the port

range of a server is different from the VIP port range, port

shifting is automatically implemented. If the server port

range is a single port, then port collapsing is implemented.

NAT mode

For information about the ILB components, operating modes, algorithms, and how ILB works,

see Chapter 5, “Overview of an Integrated Load Balancer”. For more information about

configuring and managing ILB, see Chapter 6, “Configuring and Managing the Integrated Load

Balancer” and Chapter 7, “Configuring ILB for High Availability”.

Why Use VRRP Routers and Load Balancers?

When you set up a network such as a local area network (LAN), providing a high-availability

service is very important. High-availability is a state where a redundant system takes over

at the time of failure to ensure business continuity. High-availability is also relevant when

an excessive workload is off-loaded to a redundant system. High-availability can become

significant in situations such as planned or unplanned downtime, load-balancing, and disaster

recovery.

Within a network domain, high availability can be implemented at various levels, such as

link, IP, and routers. Load balancers and routers play a significant role in providing a high-

availability service. In Oracle Solaris, VRRP routers and ILB are the network-level failover and

load-sharing mechanisms that provide high availability.

For more information about working with and configuring VRRP routers, see Chapter 3,

“Using Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol”. For more information about working with and

Chapter 1 • Introduction to Routers and Load Balancers 17

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