Nagios 3.x 教程与系统监控指南

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"Nagios V3.x 文档是关于 Nagios 监控系统的一份详细介绍，涵盖了 Nagios、NRPE、NSCA 及其商标信息，同时也声明了文档中的信息提供无任何担保。这份文档适合初学者，提供了快速安装指南、升级指南以及不同系统的监控方法。" Nagios 是一个开源的网络监控系统，用于监控网络服务、主机和基础设施的运行状态。Nagios V3.x 版本是该系统的一个重要迭代，它包含了 Nagios Core、Nagios Remote Plugin Executor (NRPE) 和 Nagios Service Check Acceptor (NSCA) 等组件。NRPE 允许在远程主机上执行插件，而 NSCA 则处理来自远程主机的服务检查结果。文档中强调，Nagios、NRPE、NSCA 和 Nagios 的标识都是 Nagios Enterprises 的注册商标，文档内提及的其他商标和服务标记可能属于各自的所有者。用户可以自由使用这些信息，但需明确，这些信息提供时没有任何形式的保修，包括设计、适销性和特定用途的适用性。文档的“Getting Started”部分对初学者非常有帮助，给出了入门建议，比如快速启动安装指南，让新用户能够快速设置并运行 Nagios。此外，针对不同类型的系统监控，如 Windows 机器、Linux/Unix 机器、Netware 服务器、网络打印机、路由器/交换机以及公共网络服务（如 HTTP、FTP、SSH 等）都有详尽的指导。升级章节则为已使用过 Nagios 旧版本的用户提供了一个平滑过渡的路径，帮助他们将现有配置更新到 V3.x 版本。对于各种操作系统的监控，文档提供了具体的步骤和注意事项，确保用户能够正确配置监控服务，及时发现和报告网络及系统中的异常情况。 Nagios V3.x 文档是一份全面且实用的参考资料，无论对于初次接触 Nagios 的新手，还是寻求升级和扩展监控能力的管理员，都能从中获得宝贵的信息和指导。通过学习和应用这份文档，用户可以建立一套高效、可靠的网络监控体系，确保关键服务的稳定运行。

Note that different RPMs or APT packages may install Nagios in different ways and in different

locations. Make sure you’ve backed up all your critical Nagios files before removing the original RPM or

APT package, so you can revert back if you encounter problems.

Other Windows agents (like NC_Net) could be used instead of NSClient++ if you wish - provided you

change command and service definitions, etc. a bit. For the sake of simplicity I will only cover using the

NSClient++ addon in these instructions.

Steps

There are several steps you’ll need to follow in order to monitor a new Windows machine. They are:

1. Perform first-time prerequisites

2. Install a monitoring agent on the Windows machine

3. Create new host and service definitions for monitoring the Windows machine

4. Restart the Nagios daemon

What’s Already Done For You

To make your life a bit easier, a few configuration tasks have already been done for you:

A check_nt command definition has been added to the commands.cfg file. This allows you to use the

check_nt plugin to monitor Window services.

A Windows server host template (called windows-server) has already been created in the templates.cfg

file. This allows you to add new Windows host definitions in a simple manner.

The above-mentioned config files can be found in the /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/ directory. You can

modify the definitions in these and other definitions to suit your needs better if you’d like. However, I’d

recommend waiting until you’re more familiar with configuring Nagios before doing so. For the time

being, just follow the directions outlined below and you’ll be monitoring your Windows boxes in no

time.

Prerequisites

The first time you configure Nagios to monitor a Windows machine, you’ll need to do a bit of extra

work. Remember, you only need to do this for the *first* Windows machine you monitor.

Edit the main Nagios config file.

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

Remove the leading pound (#) sign from the following line in the main configuration file:

#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg

Save the file and exit.

What did you just do? You told Nagios to look to the /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg to find

additional object definitions. That’s where you’ll be adding Windows host and service definitions. That

configuration file already contains some sample host, hostgroup, and service definitions. For the *first*

Windows machine you monitor, you can simply modify the sample host and service definitions in that

file, rather than creating new ones.

Installing the Windows Agent

Before you can begin monitoring private services and attributes of Windows machines, you’ll need to

install an agent on those machines. I recommend using the NSClient++ addon, which can be found at

http://sourceforge.net/projects/nscplus. These instructions will take you through a basic installation of

the NSClient++ addon, as well as the configuration of Nagios for monitoring the Windows machine.

nsclient++ /start

9. If installed properly, a new icon should appear in your system tray. It will be a yellow circle with a

black ’M’ inside.

10. Success! The Windows server can now be added to the Nagios monitoring configuration...

Configuring Nagios

Now it’s time to define some object definitions in your Nagios configuration files in order to monitor the

new Windows machine.

Open the windows.cfg file for editing.

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/windows.cfg

Add a new host definition for the Windows machine that you’re going to monitor. If this is the *first*

Windows machine you’re monitoring, you can simply modify the sample host definition in windows.cfg.

Change the host_name, alias, and address fields to appropriate values for the Windows box.

define host{

use windows-server ; Inherit default values from a Windows server template (make sure you keep this line!)

host_name winserver

alias My Windows Server

address 192.168.1.2

}

Good. Now you can add some service definitions (to the same configuration file) in order to tell Nagios

to monitor different aspects of the Windows machine. If this is the *first* Windows machine you’re

monitoring, you can simply modify the sample service definitions in windows.cfg.

Note: Replace "winserver" in the example definitions below with the name you specified in the

host_name directive of the host definition you just added.

Add the following service definition to monitor the version of the NSClient++ addon that is running on

the Windows server. This is useful when it comes time to upgrade your Windows servers to a newer

version of the addon, as you’ll be able to tell which Windows machines still need to be upgraded to the

latest version of NSClient++.

define service{

use generic-service

host_name winserver

service_description NSClient++ Version

check_command check_nt!CLIENTVERSION

}

Add the following service definition to monitor the uptime of the Windows server.

define service{

use generic-service

host_name winserver

service_description Uptime

check_command check_nt!UPTIME

}

Add the following service definition to monitor the CPU utilization on the Windows server and generate

a CRITICAL alert if the 5-minute CPU load is 90% or more or a WARNING alert if the 5-minute load is

80% or greater.

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