2 W. F. Mitchell
This do cument denes a Fortran 90 interface for Op enGL using features that are in Fortran 90
but not in FORTRAN 77. It is equally applicable to Fortran 95, and will most likely be valid for
future Fortran standards. It is not intended to replace the existing Fortran interface (henceforth
referred to as the FORTRAN 77 interface) at this time, since the existing interface will b e
required on systems that are still using a FORTRAN 77 compiler. The Fortran 90 interface
is intended to provide an alternative through which the Fortran 90 programmer can achieve
robustness and portability in an Op enGL application program. A reference implementation of
the Fortran 90 interface has b een made available to the public at http://math.nist.gov/f90gl.
This do cument supersedes NISTIR 5985 [4]. The Fortran 90 interface for OpenGL describ ed in
this do cument diers slightly from the one dened in NISTIR 5985. A summary of the changes
is contained in Appendix A.
The ma jor dierences b etween the FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90 interfaces are:
The interface is accessed through modules, rather than INCLUDE lines. Among other
advantages of mo dules, this provides explicit interfaces to the Op enGL procedures for
improved robustness.
Kind type parameters are provided for matching Fortran typ es to C types. This elimi-
nates the need for nonstandard \*byte" declarations. It also provides a mechanism for
transparently handling type mismatches on systems in which the Fortran pro cessor do es
not supp ort all the C types used by Op enGL, for increased portability.
Fortran derived types are provided where C structs are used in the interface. This increases
the similaritybetween the Fortran and C interfaces, and provides a mechanism through
which the implementor can encapsulate whatever interface data is required.
The Fortran functions corresponding to C functions that return a p ointer to a character
string now return a pointer to an arrayofcharacters. This increases the similaritybetween
the Fortran and C interfaces, and adds the capability of arbitrary length character string
return values.
Extremely long names are truncated to 31 characters to comply with the Fortran 90
standard.
The Fortran 90 interface to OpenGL is dened entirely on the Fortran side of the For-
tran/C interface, so the issues associated with interoperabilitybetween Fortran and C are
hidden from the user.
This interface explicitly covers the OpenGL 1.1 core library [5], and the GLU 1.2 library [6],
but it also applies to earlier versions and it is anticipated that it will apply to later versions.
The principles laid out in this interface can also be applied to related libraries, to olkits, and
OpenGL extensions. Some entities from the Graphics Library UtilityToolkit (GLUT) Version
3[3] and the OpenGL tk toolkit are used for illustration in this document, even though they
are not part of Op enGL proper.
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