ATLAS Collaboration / Physics Letters B 749 (2015) 519–541 523
Fig. 1. The spectrum of the number of jets expected and observed in the t
¯
tZ (left) and t
¯
tW (right) validation regions (VR). The hatched band represents the total uncertainty
on the background prediction in each bin. The “non-prompt” backgrounds are those with a lepton arising from a hadron decay or from a photon conversion in detector
material. Rare processes include tZ, t
¯
tWW , triboson, t
¯
tt
¯
t, and tH production. The overlaid red line corresponds to the t
¯
tH signal predicted by the SM. (For interpretation of
the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
6.4. 4 categories
Selected events are required to include exactly four light lep-
tons
with total charge equal to zero and leading (subleading)
p
T
> 25 (15) GeV. No requirements are applied on the number
of τ
had
candidates. In order to suppress the t
¯
t +jets and t
¯
tV back-
grounds,
the selected events are required to include at least two
jets of which at least one must be b-tagged. To suppress the t
¯
tZ
background,
events that contain an opposite-sign same-flavour lep-
ton
pair with dilepton invariant mass within 10 GeV of the Z mass
are vetoed. In order to suppress background contributions from
resonances that decay to light leptons, all opposite-sign same-
flavour
lepton pairs are required to have a dilepton invariant mass
greater than 10 GeV. The four-lepton invariant mass is required
to be between 100 and 500 GeV, which gives high acceptance for
t
¯
tH, H → WW
∗
→ νν, but rejects Z → 4 and high-mass t
¯
tZ
events.
Selected events are separated by the presence or absence
of a same-flavour, opposite-sign lepton pair into two categories, re-
ferred
to respectively as the Z-enriched and Z -depleted categories.
In both cases the Z mass veto is applied, but background events in
the Z -enriched category can arise from off-shell Z and γ
∗
→
+
−
processes while in the Z -depleted category these backgrounds are
absent.
6.5. 12τ
had
category
Selected events are required to include exactly one light lepton
with p
T
> 25 GeV and exactly two hadronic τ candidates. The τ
had
candidates must have opposite charge. In order to suppress the
t
¯
t + jets and t
¯
tV backgrounds, events must include at least three
reconstructed jets. In order to suppress diboson and single-boson
backgrounds, at least one of the jets must be b-tagged. This final
state is primarily sensitive to H → τ
+
τ
−
decays, allowing use of
the invariant mass of the visible decay products of the τ
had
τ
had
system (m
vis
) as a signal discriminant. Signal events are required
to satisfy 60 < m
vis
< 120 GeV.
7. Background estimation
Important irreducible backgrounds include t
¯
tV and diboson
production and are estimated from MC simulation. Validation re-
gions
enriched in these backgrounds are used to verify proper
modelling of data by simulation. Reducible backgrounds are due to
non-prompt lepton production and electron charge mis-
identification,
and are estimated from data, with input from sim-
ulation
in some categories. In the 12τ
had
category the primary
concern is fake τ
had
candidates, which are modelled using simula-
tion
and validated against a data-driven estimate.
7.1. t
¯
tV and tZ
The primary backgrounds with prompt leptons stem from the
production of t
¯
tW and t
¯
tZ. The t
¯
tW background tends to have
lower jet multiplicity than the signal and so the leading contri-
bution
comes from events with additional high-p
T
jets; it is the
major t
¯
tV contribution in the 20τ
had
categories and comparable
to t
¯
tZ in the 21τ
had
category. The t
¯
tZ process has similar mul-
tiplicity
to the t
¯
tH signal but can only contribute to the signal
categories when the Z boson decays leptonically, so the on-shell
contribution can be removed by vetoing events with opposite-sign
dilepton pairs with invariant mass near the Z pole. This is the
larger of the two t
¯
tV contributions for the 3, 4, and 12τ
had
categories. The tZ process makes a subleading contribution to both
channels. A validation region is used to verify the modelling of t
¯
tZ
using
on-shell Z decays. Agreement is seen within the large sta-
tistical
uncertainty. No region of equivalent purity and statistical
power exists for t
¯
tW production; nevertheless the expectations are
cross-checked with a validation region defined with the 20τ
had
selection except with two or more b-tagged jets and either two or
three jets, where the t
¯
tW purity is ≈30%, and are found to be con-
sistent
within uncertainties. The spectra of the number of jets in
these validation regions are shown in Fig. 1.
Uncertainties
on the t
¯
tV background contributions arise from
both the overall cross section uncertainties (see Section 3) and the
acceptance uncertainties. The latter are estimated by comparing
particle-level samples after showering produced by three differ-
ent
pairs of generators: a) the nominal MadGraph LO merged