"Django 4.1.4 英文文档下载与阅读指南"

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Django Documentation, Release 4.1.4.dev20221128071440

(continued from previous page)

# Change an object by altering its attributes and calling save().

>>> r.full_name = 'Billy Goat'

>>> r.save()

# Delete an object with delete().

>>> r.delete()

2.1.4 A dynamic admin interface: it’s not just scaolding –it’s the whole house

Once your models are de󰖌ned, Django can automatically create a professional, production ready administra-

tive interface –a website that lets authenticated users add, change and delete objects. The only step required

is to register your model in the admin site:

Listing 2: mysite/news/models.py

from django.db import models

class Article(models.Model):

pub_date = models.DateField()

headline = models.CharField(max_length=200)

content = models.TextField()

reporter = models.ForeignKey(Reporter, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

10 Chapter 2. Getting started

Django Documentation, Release 4.1.4.dev20221128071440

(continued from previous page)

{% for article in article_list %}

{{ article.headline }}

By {{ article.reporter.full_name }}

Published {{ article.pub_date|date:"F j, Y" }}

{% endfor %}

{% endblock %}

Variables are surrounded by double-curly braces. {{ article.headline }} means“Output the value of the

article’s headline attribute.”But dots aren’t used only for attribute lookup. They also can do dictionary-key

lookup, index lookup and function calls.

Note {{ article.pub_date|date:"F j, Y" }} uses a Unix-style“pipe”(the“|”character). This is called

a template 󰖌lter, and it’s a way to 󰖌lter the value of a variable. In this case, the date 󰖌lter formats a Python

datetime object in the given format (as found in PHP’s date function).

You can chain together as many 󰖌lters as you’d like. You can write custom template 󰖌lters. You can write

custom template tags, which run custom Python code behind the scenes.

Finally, Django uses the concept of “template inheritance”. That’s what the {% extends "base.html"

%} does. It means “First load the template called ‘base’, which has de󰖌ned a bunch of blocks, and 󰖌ll the

blocks with the following blocks.”In short, that lets you dramatically cut down on redundancy in templates:

each template has to de󰖌ne only what’s unique to that template.

Here’s what the “base.html”template, including the use of static 󰖌les, might look like:

Listing 7: mysite/templates/base.html

{% load static %}

<html>

<head>

<title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>

</head>

<body>

{% block content %}{% endblock %}

</body>

</html>

Simplistically, it de󰖌nes the look-and-feel of the site (with the site’s logo), and provides “holes”for child

templates to 󰖌ll. This means that a site redesign can be done by changing a single 󰖌le –the base template.

It also lets you create multiple versions of a site, with di󰖋erent base templates, while reusing child templates.

Django’s creators have used this technique to create strikingly di󰖋erent mobile versions of sites by only

creating a new base template.

2.1. Django at a glance 13

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