交互式编程实践：Arduino与openFrameworks探索

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"交互式编程是将编程与实时用户反馈相结合的一种方法，允许开发者在编写代码的同时立即看到结果。这种技术通常用于快速原型设计、实验性和探索性编程，以及教育领域，帮助初学者更好地理解编程概念。Arduino是一个开源电子平台，它简化了硬件编程，使得艺术家、设计师和爱好者能够创建互动项目。Process是一个开源编程环境，专门用于视觉艺术和交互式设计，它基于Java语言，提供了丰富的图形界面和工具，便于非程序员进行编程。《Programming Interactivity》这本书由Joshua Noble撰写，详细介绍了如何使用Processing、Arduino和openFrameworks等工具进行交互式编程。书中涵盖了从基础的编程概念到复杂的硬件接口，旨在帮助设计师和艺术家掌握编程技能，实现创意作品。Processing是一个强大的编程语言和开发环境，特别适合于视觉艺术、数据可视化和交互设计，它的语法简洁，学习曲线平缓，让非计算机专业的创作者也能上手。在内容部分，作者提到了编程互动性的核心概念，包括事件处理、输入输出、动画和实时数据可视化等。Arduino部分会讲解如何利用Arduino板进行物理计算，连接传感器和执行器，从而创建物理世界的互动装置。而openFrameworks是另一个开源C++库，用于创造实验性的应用程序，它支持多种平台，提供丰富的扩展库，如视频处理、声音、网络通信等。此外，书中还会讨论如何将这些工具整合在一起，实现跨平台的交互式项目。例如，你可以使用Processing进行视觉呈现，通过Arduino控制硬件，再结合网络数据，创建出响应用户行为或环境变化的智能系统。书中的案例研究和练习将引导读者逐步深入，从简单的程序到复杂的互动装置，提升编程和设计能力。这本《Programming Interactivity》是学习交互式编程和艺术创作的宝贵资源，无论你是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从中获得启发和实用技巧。它鼓励创新思维，推动技术与艺术的交融，帮助读者打破传统编程的界限，探索新的创作可能性。"

Preface

This is a book about creating physical interaction with computer systems. It focuses

on designing hardware and programming for systems that use either physical input or

physical feedback. This book has been a dream of mine since I was an art student

beginning to create interactive installations and finding that there was no simple in-

troduction to the topics that I wanted to explore. At the time, I didn’t know what

platforms, tools, and programming languages were available for creating interactive

art, and I didn’t know where to find more information about these topics that a relative

novice programmer could understand. As I began teaching, I was asked the same ques-

tion again and again by students: “where do I begin?” Much has changed in the seven

years since then, though, and now many excellent projects are helping beginners pro-

gram, artists create, and programmers rapidly prototype applications. We’ll cover three

of these projects in this book: Processing, Arduino, and openFrameworks. This book

intends to answer the question “Where do I begin?” in as comprehensive a manner as

possible. It is the intention of this book to be useful for almost any type of project. This

book will provide technical advice, critical commentary for you to consider, code that

you can use, hardware diagrams that you can use, and further resources for you to

explore.

Ten years ago, the idea of artists or designers writing code or designing hardware was

almost unheard of. Today, not only has it become commonplace, but it has become an

important arena of expression and exploration. The dialogue between technology and

design is a vital and vibrant one that shapes art and technology alike. I hope that this

book can be, in some small way, another path into this conversation for more artists

and designers.

Who This Book Is For

This book is aimed at designers, artists, amateur programmers, or anyone interested in

working with physical interaction in computing. No assumption is made about your

technical background or previous experience. The only assumption is that you are

interested in learning to program and build hardware. This book is an introduction to

a great number of topics, and throughout the book we list links to further resources so

you can expand your knowledge or explore a particular topic that interests you.

We encourage you to make as much use as possible of these resources and to use this

book as a map for exploring a great number of technologies and techniques.

How This Book Is Organized

This book is broken into three parts. The first introduces the three projects that will be

used throughout this book, the second introduces some of the most common themes

in creating interaction in designs and applications, and the third introduces some of

the more advanced topics that you may want to explore further. Also included with

some of the chapters are interviews with programmers, artists, designers, and authors

who work with the tools covered in this book. Covering such a massive range of topics

means that this book doesn’t go into great depth about most of them, but it is filled

with references to other books, websites, designers, and artists that you may find helpful

or inspiring.

What Is—and Isn’t—in This Book

My excitement about the ideas and rapid growth of the field of interaction design is

hard to contain. However, as exciting and far-reaching as interaction design is, the

limitations of time and physical book size dictate that I be selective about what is and

isn’t covered in this book.

What’s in

This book covers Processing, Arduino, and openFrameworks. To help novice pro-

grammers, it covers some of the core elements of programming in C and C++ for Ar-

duino and openFrameworks and also covers the Processing language. We introduce

dozens of libraries for openFrameworks and Processing—too many to list here. Some

of these are official libraries or add-ons for the two frameworks, and some are simply

extensions that have been created for this book or provided by altruistic coders.

We also introduce some of the basics of electronics and how computer hardware

functions, as well as many tools and components that you can use with an Arduino.

The Arduino and Processing IDEs are covered, as are two different IDEs for

openFrameworks, namely, CodeBlocks, and Xcode. The Arduino Duemilanove and

Mini are covered in depth, and we discuss other boards only briefly. We cover many

electronic components that have designed expressly for the Arduino, called shields, in

depth as well.

What’s Not in

While this book shows how to create some circuits, it doesn’t cover a great deal of the

fundamentals of electronics or hardware, how to create circuits, or electronics theory.

xvi | Preface

Chapter 18 lists some excellent tutorials and references. While the book does cover the

Processing subset of the Java programming language, to conserve space and maintain

focus, it doesn’t cover Java. The book doesn’t cover many aspects of C++, such as

templates, inline functions, operator overloading, and abstract classes. Again, though,

listed in Chapter 18 are several excellent resources that you can use to learn about these

deeper topics in C++.

There are so many Arduino-compatible boards now that it’s almost impossible to cover

them all in depth; the book mentions the Mega, the Nano, and several other boards

only in passing and leaves out many of the Arduino-compatible boards that are not

created by the Arduino team. Quite a few components and other tools that we would

have liked to discuss in depth could not be included to maintain scope and to save

space. A good camera for computer vision was not included either, though a glance at

the openFrameworks or Processing forums will likely provide a more up-to-date dis-

cussion than could have been given here.

Many topics that we would have liked to include have been left out because of space

considerations: artificial intelligence, data visualization, and algorithmic music, among

others. Though these are all potentially interesting areas for artists and designers, the

focus of the book is on teaching some of the theory and techniques for interaction

design as well as the basics of hardware and programming. The resources listed at the

end of the book can provide the names of some materials that might help you explore

these topics.

Companion Website

All the code included in this book are available for download from the book’s com-

panion website, http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9780596154141.

Typographical Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, path

names, and directories.

Constant width

Indicates direct references to code, text output from executing scripts, XML tags,

HTML tags, and the contents of files.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.

Preface | xvii

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