使用HTML, CSS和JavaScript构建Windows 8应用

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"Programming Windows 8 Apps with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript" 这本由Microsoft Press出版的书籍专注于使用HTML、CSS和JavaScript开发Windows 8应用程序。它揭示了如何利用这些Web技术，尤其是JavaScript，来充分利用Windows 8平台的功能。在Windows 8环境中，JavaScript已经成为构建功能丰富的应用程序的强大工具。书中可能涵盖了以下核心知识点： 1. **Windows 8应用开发基础**：介绍Windows 8应用程序的架构，包括应用模型、生命周期管理以及如何创建启动画面和设置页面。 2. **HTML5和CSS3**：深入讲解如何利用HTML5的新特性（如语义化元素、离线存储、拖放功能等）和CSS3的布局技术（如媒体查询、Flexbox或Grid布局）来设计适应不同设备屏幕的应用界面。 3. **JavaScript编程**：讲解JavaScript的核心概念，包括变量、数据类型、控制流、函数、对象和闭包等，并展示如何在Windows 8环境中有效地使用这些概念。 4. **WinJS库**：WinJS是Windows 8应用开发中的一个重要组成部分，它提供了与Windows API交互的便利方法，以及UI控件和样式。书中可能会详细介绍如何使用WinJS来创建动态用户界面。 5. **触控和手势支持**：Windows 8设计旨在优化触控体验，因此书会涉及如何处理触摸事件、滑动、捏合缩放等手势，以及如何创建响应式的触控界面。 6. **本地存储和数据访问**：讲解如何使用HTML5的本地存储API（如localStorage和IndexedDB）以及XMLHttpRequest进行异步数据获取，以实现离线应用和云同步功能。 7. **集成Windows 8特性和服务**：如Live Tiles、通知、Charms栏、搜索和分享功能的集成，以及如何利用Windows Azure或其他云服务来扩展应用功能。 8. **调试和测试**：介绍如何使用Visual Studio的工具进行应用调试，以及如何在模拟器和实际设备上进行测试，确保应用在各种硬件配置和屏幕尺寸下都能正常工作。 9. **应用发布和市场策略**：讲解如何提交应用到Windows Store，以及如何进行应用的营销和推广。这本书不仅适合初学者，也对有一定经验的开发者有价值，因为它提供了从基础到高级的全面教程，帮助开发者掌握在Windows 8平台上构建高效、用户友好的应用程序的技巧和最佳实践。通过阅读和实践书中的例子，读者可以深入理解如何将Web技术的优势带入桌面和移动设备的Windows 8应用程序开发中。

Chapter 16: WinRT Components: An Introduction .............................................................. 716

Choosing a Mixed Language Approach (and Web Workers) ...................................................................................... 718

Quickstarts: Creating and Debugging Components ....................................................................................................... 720

Quickstart #1: Creating a Component in C# ................................................................................................................. 721

Quickstart #2: Creating a Component in C++ ............................................................................................................. 726

Comparing the Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 729

Key Concepts for WinRT Components ................................................................................................................................ 731

Implementing Asynchronous Methods ........................................................................................................................... 733

JavaScript Workers ................................................................................................................................................................. 734

Async Basics in WinRT Components ................................................................................................................................ 737

Arrays, Vectors, and Other Alternatives .......................................................................................................................... 742

Projections into JavaScript ................................................................................................................................................... 746

Scenarios for WinRT Components ......................................................................................................................................... 748

Higher Performance .............................................................................................................................................................. 748

Access to Additional APIs..................................................................................................................................................... 750

Obfuscating Code and Protecting Intellectual Property ........................................................................................... 752

Library Components .............................................................................................................................................................. 753

Concurrency ............................................................................................................................................................................. 753

What We’ve Just Learned ......................................................................................................................................................... 754

Chapter 17: Apps for Everyone: Accessibility, World-Readiness,

and the Windows Store ........................................................................................................... 755

Your App, Your Business ........................................................................................................................................................... 757

Side Loading ............................................................................................................................................................................. 758

Planning: Can the App Be a Windows Store App? ...................................................................................................... 760

Planning for Monetization (or Not) ................................................................................................................................. 761

Free Apps .................................................................................................................................................................................. 762

Ad-Supported Apps .............................................................................................................................................................. 763

Paid Apps and Trial Versions .............................................................................................................................................. 764

In-App Purchases ................................................................................................................................................................... 766

Revenue Sharing and Custom Commerce for In-App Purchases .......................................................................... 767

The Windows Store APIs ........................................................................................................................................................... 768

The CurrentAppSimulator Object ..................................................................................................................................... 770

Trial Versions and App Purchase ....................................................................................................................................... 774

Listing and Purchasing In-App Products ........................................................................................................................ 776

Receipts ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 780

Accessibility ................................................................................................................................................................................... 781

Screen Readers and Aria Attributes .................................................................................................................................. 784

The ARIA Sample .................................................................................................................................................................... 785

Handling Contrast Variations ............................................................................................................................................. 788

CSS Styling for High Contrast ............................................................................................................................................ 790

High Contrast Resources ..................................................................................................................................................... 793

Scale + Contrast = Resource Qualifiers .......................................................................................................................... 794

High Contrast Tile and Toast Images .............................................................................................................................. 795

World Readiness and Localization......................................................................................................................................... 795

Globalization ............................................................................................................................................................................ 797

User Language and Other Settings .................................................................................................................................. 798

Formatting Culture-Specific Data and Calendar Math ............................................................................................. 801

Sorting and Grouping ........................................................................................................................................................... 803

Fonts and Text Layout .......................................................................................................................................................... 803

Preparing for Localization ................................................................................................................................................... 805

Part 1: Separating String Resources ................................................................................................................................. 805

Part 2: Structuring Resources for the Default Language .......................................................................................... 813

Creating Localized Resources: The Multilingual App Toolkit .................................................................................. 816

Testing with the Pseudo Language .................................................................................................................................. 821

Localization Wrap-Up ........................................................................................................................................................... 823

Releasing Your App to the World .......................................................................................................................................... 824

Promotional Screenshots, Store Graphics, and Text Copy ....................................................................................... 824

Testing and Pre-Certification Tools .................................................................................................................................. 825

Onboarding and Working through Rejection .............................................................................................................. 827

App Updates ............................................................................................................................................................................. 827

Introduction

Welcome, my friends, to Windows 8! On behalf of the thousands of designers, program managers,

developers, test engineers, and writers who have brought the product to life, I'm delighted to welcome

you into a world of Windows Reimagined.

This theme is no mere sentimental marketing ploy, intended to bestow an aura of newness to

something that is essentially unchanged, like those household products that make a big splash on the

idea of "New and Improved Packaging!" No, Microsoft Windows truly has been reborn—after more

than a quarter-century, something genuinely new has emerged.

I suspect—indeed expect—that you're already somewhat familiar with the reimagined user

experience of Windows 8. You're probably reading this book, in fact, because you know that the ability

of Windows 8 to reach across desktop, laptop, and tablet devices, along with the global reach of the

Windows Store, will provide you with tremendous business opportunities, whether you're in business, as

I like to say, for fame, fortune, fun, or philanthropy.

We'll certainly see many facets of this new user experience throughout the course of this book. Our

primary focus, however, will be on the reimagined developer experience.

I don't say this lightly. When I first began giving presentations within Microsoft about building

Windows Store apps, I liked to show a slide of what the world was like in the year 1985. It was the time

of Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, and Cold War tensions. It was the time of VCRs and the discovery

of AIDS. It was when Back to the Future was first released, Michael Jackson topped the charts with

Thriller, and Steve Jobs was kicked out of Apple. And it was when software developers got their first

taste of the original Windows API and the programming model for desktop applications.

The longevity of that programming model has been impressive. It's been in place for over a

quarter-century now and has grown to become the heart of the largest business ecosystem on the

planet. The API itself, known today as Win32, has also grown to become the largest on the planet! What

started out on the order of about 300 callable methods has expanded three orders of magnitude, well

beyond the point that any one individual could even hope to understand a fraction of it. I'd certainly

given up such futile efforts myself.

So when I bumped into my old friend Kyle Marsh in the fall of 2009 just after Windows 7 had been

released and heard from him that Microsoft was planning to reinvigorate native app development for

Windows 8, my ears were keen to listen. In the months that followed I learned that Microsoft was

introducing a completely new API called the Windows Runtime (or WinRT). This wasn't meant to replace

Win32, mind you; desktop applications would still be supported. No, this was a programming model

built from the ground up for a new breed of touch-centric, immersive apps that could compete with

those emerging on various mobile platforms. It would be designed from the app developer's point of

view, rather than the system's, so that key features would take only a few lines of code to implement

rather than hundreds or thousands. It would also enable direct native app development in multiple

programming languages. This meant that new operating system capabilities would surface to those

developers without having to wait for an update to some intermediate framework. It also meant that

developers who had experience in any one of those language choices would find a natural home when

writing apps for Windows 8.

This was very exciting news to me because the last time that Microsoft did anything significant to the

Windows programming model was in the early 1990s with a technology called the Component Object

Model (COM), which is exactly what allowed the Win32 API to explode as it did. Ironically, it was my role

at that time to introduce COM to the developer community, which I did through two editions of Inside

OLE (Microsoft Press, 1993 and 1995) and seemingly endless travel to speak at conferences and visit

partner companies. History, indeed, does tend to repeat itself, for here I am again!

In December 2010, I was part of the small team who set out to write the very first Windows Store

apps using what parts of the new WinRT API had become available. Notepad was the text editor of

choice, we built and ran apps on the command line by using abstruse Powershell scripts that required us

to manually type out ungodly hash strings, we had no documentation other than oft-incomplete

functional specifications, and we basically had no debugger to speak of other than the tried and true

window.alert and document.writeln. Indeed, we generally worked out as much HTML, CSS, and

JavaScript as we could inside a browser with F12 debugging tools, only adding WinRT-specific code at

the end because browsers couldn't resolve those APIs. You can imagine how we celebrated when we got

anything to work at all!

Fortunately, it wasn't long before tools like Visual Studio Express and Blend for Visual Studio became

available. By the spring of 2011, when I was giving many training sessions to people inside Microsoft on

building apps for Windows 8, the process was becoming far more enjoyable and exceedingly more

productive. Indeed, while it took us some weeks in late 2010 to get even Hello World to show up on the

screen, by the fall of 2011 we were working with partner companies who pulled together complete

Store-ready apps in roughly the same amount of time.

As we've seen—thankfully fulfilling our expectations—it's possible to build a great app in a matter of

weeks. I'm hoping that this ebook, along with the extensive resources on http://dev.windows.com

, will

help you to accomplish exactly that and to reimagine your own designs.

Who This Book Is For

This book is about writing Windows Store apps using HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Our primary focus

will be on applying these web technologies within the Windows 8 platform, where there are unique

considerations, and not on exploring the details of those web technologies themselves. For the most

part, then, I'm assuming that you're already at least somewhat conversant with these standards. We will

cover some of the more salient areas like the CSS grid, which is central to app layout, but otherwise I

trust that you're capable of finding appropriate references for most everything else.

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