C# 4.0 核心技术与速查指南

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"C# 4.0 核心技术及快速参考" 《C# 4.0 in a Nutshell》是第四版的一本由Joseph Albahari和Ben Albahari合著的专业指南，旨在深入浅出地介绍C# 4.0的核心技术和快速参考信息。该书由O'Reilly Media, Inc.出版，覆盖了C#编程语言的广泛主题，旨在帮助开发者迅速掌握和应用C# 4.0的关键特性。在C# 4.0中，最重要的新特性包括： 1. **动态类型（Dynamic Typing）**：引入了`dynamic`关键字，允许在运行时确定变量的类型，这极大地扩展了C#与动态语言如Python和JavaScript交互的能力。 2. **命名和可选参数（Named and Optional Parameters）**：开发者可以为方法参数指定默认值，以及通过名称传递参数，提高了代码的可读性和灵活性。 3. **改进的多线程支持（Improved Multithreading Support）**：C# 4.0引入了`Task`类，这是.NET Framework 4的一部分，它简化了异步编程，使得编写并行和并发程序更加容易。 4. **泛型协变和逆变（Generic Covariance and Contravariance）**：这允许在接口和委托中使用更广泛的类型，增强了类型安全性和代码重用。 5. **改进的互操作性（Improved Interoperability）**：与COM组件的交互得到增强，尤其是与Office Automation的兼容性，使得C# 4.0更适合企业级开发。书中详细讨论了这些主题，并提供了大量示例代码，帮助读者理解如何在实践中应用这些特性。此外，还涵盖了C#的基础语法、面向对象编程原则、LINQ（Language Integrated Query）以及异常处理、反射和元数据等高级主题。作者Joseph Albahari和Ben Albahari在书中还深入讲解了.NET Framework 4的相关组件，包括集合、线程、网络编程、XML处理以及Windows Forms和WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）的UI设计。同时，他们探讨了单元测试、调试和性能优化策略，帮助开发者构建高质量、可维护的软件。《C# 4.0 in a Nutshell》是一本全面且实用的参考书籍，适合有经验的C#开发者或希望深入学习C# 4.0的程序员，无论是初学者还是资深开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。

If you’re already familiar with C# 3.0, you’ll find more than 100 pages dedicated to

the new features of C# 4.0 and Framework 4.0. In addition, many chapters have

been enhanced from the previous edition, most notably the chapters on the C#

language, .NET Framework fundamentals, memory management, threading, and

COM interoperability. We’ve also updated the LINQ chapters to make the examples

friendly to both LINQ to SQL and Entity Framework programmers.

This book is an ideal companion to any of the vast array of books that focus on an

applied technology such as WPF, ASP.NET, or WCF. The areas of the language

and .NET Framework that such books omit, C# 4.0 in a Nutshell covers in detail—

and vice versa.

If you’re looking for a book that skims every .NET Framework technology, this is

not for you. This book is also unsuitable if you want a replacement for IntelliSense

(i.e., the alphabetical listings of types and type members that appeared in the C#

1.1 edition of this book).

How This Book Is Organized

The first three chapters after the introduction concentrate purely on C#, starting

with the basics of syntax, types, and variables, and finishing with advanced topics

such as unsafe code and preprocessor directives. If you’re new to the language, you

should read these chapters sequentially.

The remaining chapters cover the core .NET Framework, including such topics as

LINQ, XML, collections, I/O and networking, memory management, reflection,

dynamic programming, attributes, security, concurrency, application domains, and

native interoperability. You can read most of these chapters randomly, except for

Chapters 6 and 7, which lay a foundation for subsequent topics. The three chapters

on LINQ are also best read in sequence.

What You Need to Use This Book

The examples in this book require a C# 4.0 compiler and Microsoft .NET Frame-

work 4.0. You will also find Microsoft’s .NET documentation useful to look up

individual types and members. The easiest way to get all three—along with an in-

tegrated development environment—is to install Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. Any

edition is suitable for what’s taught in this book, including Visual Studio Express (a

free download). Visual Studio also includes an express edition of SQL Server, re-

quired to run the LINQ to SQL and Entity Framework examples, and IntelliSense,

which pops up type member listings as you type.

For Chapters 2 through 4, Chapter 6, Chapters 8 through 10, and Chapter 24, the

code samples are available in the free code-snippet IDE, LINQPad. The samples

include everything in those chapters from simple expressions to complete programs

and are fully editable, allowing you to learn interactively. You can download LINQ-

Pad from http://www.linqpad.net; to obtain the additional samples, click “Download

more samples” in the Samples tab at the bottom left. You can then advance through

each sample with a single click.

xiv | Preface

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to the following,

quoting the book’s ISBN (9780596800956):

bookquestions@oreilly.com

For more information about our books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the

O’Reilly Network, see our website at:

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Acknowledgments

Joseph Albahari

First, I want to thank my brother and coauthor, Ben Albahari, for initially persuading

me to take on what has become a highly successful project. I particularly enjoy

working with Ben in probing difficult topics: he shares my willingness to question

conventional wisdom, and the tenacity to pull things apart until it becomes clear

how they really work.

I am most indebted to the superb technical reviewers. Starting with the reviewers at

Microsoft, the extensive input from Stephen Toub (Parallel Programming team) and

Chris Burrows (C# Compiler team) significantly enhanced the chapters on concur-

rency, dynamic programming, and the C# language. From the CLR team, I received

invaluable input on security and memory management from Shawn Farkas, Brian

Grunkemeyer, Maoni Stephens, and David DeWinter. And on Code Contracts, the

feedback from Brian Grunkemeyer, Mike Barnett, and Melitta Andersen raised this

chapter to the next quality bar. Thank you, people—both for your prompt feedback

and for answering all my questions. I really appreciate it!

Preface | xvii

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