2017年IEC TR 61000-2-5电磁兼容环境分类新标准

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2017

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IEC TR 61000-2-5-2017是国际电工委员会（IEC）发布的关于电磁兼容（EMC）标准的第二部分第五分册。该标准的第三版于2017年1月发布，旨在提供一个关于电磁环境描述与分类的通用框架，以便于设计者、工程师和制造商在开发产品时考虑和应对电磁干扰（EMI）和电磁抗扰度（EMS）问题。该标准的核心内容主要包括以下几个方面： 1. 环境描述：IEC TR 61000-2-5详细定义了各种类型的电磁环境，这些环境可以按照其特征如频率范围、强度、持续时间以及对电子设备影响的潜在严重性进行分类。这包括自然环境（如雷暴、静电放电）、工业环境（如工厂设备、通信系统）以及特殊环境（如医疗设备、航空电子）等。 2. 环境分类：标准中定义了一系列环境等级，例如A、B、C等，每级对应不同的电磁环境条件，这有助于设备的设计者在不同应用场景下选择合适的抗扰度要求。环境分类不仅考虑了静态特性，还考虑了动态变化和随机性因素。 3. 电磁场模型：该标准提供了用于评估电磁环境影响的模型，这包括辐射场模型和传导场模型，帮助工程师理解和预测设备在特定环境中的电磁行为。 4. 测试方法和指导：标准还给出了相应的测试方法和测量技术，以确保设备在预期的电磁环境中能正常工作，同时不会对其他电子设备造成干扰。 5. 版权和许可：IEC对本标准的复制和使用进行了严格的版权保护，所有权益归IEC所有，未经书面许可不得擅自复制或利用。如需获取更多权利或咨询版权问题，用户应联系IEC中央办公室或其成员国国家委员会。 IEC TR 61000-2-5-2017对于确保电子设备在全球范围内具有良好的电磁兼容性至关重要，它是电子行业设计和制造过程中不可或缺的参考标准。遵循这一标准，制造商能够更好地满足电磁兼容性要求，提升产品质量，同时减少因电磁干扰引发的法律风险。

– 14 – IEC TR 61000-2-5:2017  IEC 2017

Note 1 to entry: An electromagnetic disturbance can be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in

the propagation medium itself.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-05]

3.1.15

electromagnetic environment

totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location

Note 1 to entry: In general, this totality is time-dependent and its description may need a statistical approach.

Note 2 to entry: It is very important not to confuse the electromagnetic environment and the location itself.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-01, modified – a Note 2 to entry has been added.]

3.1.16

electromagnetic field

field, determined by a set of four interrelated vector quantities, that characterizes, together

with the electric current density and the volumic electric charge, the electric and magnetic

conditions of a material medium or of vacuum

Note 1 to entry: The four interrelated vector quantities, which obey Maxwell Equations, are by convention:

• the electric field strength,

• the electric flux density,

• the magnetic field strength,

• the magnetic flux density,

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:1998, 121-11-61]

3.1.17

(electromagnetic) susceptibility

inability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of

an electromagnetic disturbance

Note 1 to entry: Susceptibility is a lack of immunity.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-21]

3.1.18

enclosure port

physical boundary of the equipment, through or on which electromagnetic fields may impinge

3.1.19

far field

region where the angular distribution of the electromagnetic field is independent of distance

from the antenna

Note 1 to entry: When the antenna dimensions are smaller than the wavelength, then this region is defined as

d >

/ 2π, , where d is the distance from the antenna and

is the wavelength of the electromagnetic field.

3.1.20

high voltage

1) in a general sense, the set of voltage levels in excess of low voltage

2) in a restrictive sense, the set of upper voltage levels used in power systems for bulk

transmission of electricity

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-601:1985, 601-01-27]

IEC TR 61000-2-5:2017  IEC 2017 – 15 –

3.1.21

immunity (to a disturbance)

ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an

electromagnetic disturbance

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-20]

3.1.22

immunity level

maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance incident on a particular device,

equipment or system, for which it remains capable of operating at a required degree of

performance

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-14]

3.1.23

industrial location

location characterized by a separate power network, supplied from a high- or medium-voltage

transformer, dedicated for the supply of the installation

EXAMPLE Metalworking, pulp and paper, chemical plants, car production, farm building, high-voltage (HV) areas

of airports.

Note 1 to entry: Industrial locations can generally be described by the existence of an installation with one or

more of the following characteristics:

– items of equipment installed and connected together and working simultaneously;

– significant amount of electrical power is generated, transmitted and/or consumed;

– frequent switching of heavy inductive or capacitive loads;

– high currents and associated magnetic fields;

– presence of industrial, high power scientific and medical (ISM) equipment (for example, welding machines).

The electromagnetic environment at an industrial location is predominantly produced by the equipment and

installation present at the location. There are types of industrial locations where some of the electromagnetic

phenomena appear in a more severe degree than in other installations.

Note 2 to entry: Industrial locations can be further distinguished, for example into general, process, heavy or

power industrial locations.

Note 3 to entry: The connection between location and electromagnetic environment is given in 3.1.15.

[SOURCE: IEC 61000-6-2:2016, 3.7]

3.1.24

infeed converter

self-commutated electronic power converter of all technologies, topologies, voltages and sizes

which is connected between the AC power supply network (lines) and usually a stiff DC side

(current source or voltage source) and which can convert electric power only in one direction

(from AC to DC) and limit harmonic current emissions of the converter and control the power

factor to be close to one

EXAMPLE A switch mode power supply with active power factor correction (PFC) circuit.

3.1.25

islanding

process whereby a power system is split into two or more islands

Note 1 to entry: Islanding is either a deliberate emergency measure, or the result of automatic protection or

control action, or the result of human error.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-603:1986, 603-04-31]

IEC TR 61000-2-5:2017  IEC 2017 – 17 –

Note 1 to entry: When the antenna dimensions are smaller than the wavelength, then this region is defined as

d <

/2π , where d is the distance from the antenna and

is the wavelength of the electromagnetic field.

3.1.34

port

particular interface of the specified equipment with the external electromagnetic environment

SEE: Figure 1.

Note 1 to entry: In some cases different ports may be combined.

3.1.35

power line telecommunications

PLT

use of existing in-building or network distribution power cabling as a metallic path for the

distribution of data

Note 1 to entry: Power line telecommunications is also known as broadband power line (BPL) and power line

communication (PLC).

3.1.36

power port

port at which a conductor or cable carrying the primary electrical power needed for the

operation (functioning) of equipment or associated equipment is connected to the equipment

3.1.37

residential location

location which exists as an area of land designated for the construction of domestic dwellings,

and is characterized by the fact that equipment is directly connected to a low-voltage public

mains network or connected to a dedicated DC source which is intended to interface between

the equipment and the low-voltage mains network

EXAMPLE Examples of residential locations are houses, apartments, and farm buildings used for living.

Note 1 to entry: The function of a domestic dwelling is to provide a place for one or more people to live. A

dwelling can be a single, separate building (as in a detached house) or a separate section of a larger building (as

in an apartment in an apartment block).

Note 2 to entry: The connection between location and electromagnetic environment is given in 3.1.15.

[SOURCE: IEC 61000-6-1:2016, 3.8]

3.1.38

signal port

port at which a conductor or cable intended to carry signals is connected to the equipment

EXAMPLE Analogue inputs, outputs and control lines, data busses, antennas, communication networks, etc.

3.1.39

short interruption

sudden reduction of the voltage on all phases at a particular point of an electric supply system

below a specified interruption threshold followed by its restoration after a brief interval

Note 1 to entry: Short interruptions are typically associated with switchgear operations related to the occurrence

and termination of short circuits on the system or on installations connected to it.

3.1.40

TN system

power system that has one point directly earthed at the source, the exposed conductive parts

of the installation being connected to that point by protective conductors

Note 1 to entry: There are three types of TN systems: TN-S, TN-C and TN-C-S.

– 18 – IEC TR 61000-2-5:2017  IEC 2017

Note 2 to entry: A description of power systems is given in IEC 60364-1.

3.1.41

unbalance factor

in a three-phase system, the degree of unbalance expressed by the ratio (in per cent)

between the r.m.s. values of the negative sequence (or the zero sequence) component and

the positive sequence component of voltage or current

3.1.42

voltage change

variation of the r.m.s. or peak value between two consecutive levels sustained for definite but

unspecified durations

Note 1 to entry: Whether the r.m.s. or peak value is chosen depends upon the application, and which is used

should be specified.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-08-01]

3.1.43

voltage dip

sudden reduction of the voltage at a particular point of an electricity supply system below a

specified dip threshold followed by its recovery after a brief interval

Note 1 to entry: Typically, a dip is associated with the occurrence and termination of a short circuit or other

extreme current increase on the system or installations connected to it.

Note 2 to entry: A voltage dip is a two-dimensional electromagnetic disturbance, the level of which is determined

by both voltage and time (duration).

3.1.44

voltage fluctuation

series of changes of r.m.s. voltage evaluated as a single value for each successive half-

period between zero-crossings of the source voltage

3.1.45

wave impedance

for a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, using complex notation, the quantity representing the

electric field at a point divided by the quantity representing the magnetic field at the same

point

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-705:1995, 705-03-22]

3.1.46

Smart Grid

intelligent grid

electric power system that utilizes information exchange and control technologies, distributed

computing and associated sensors and actuators, for purposes such as:

• to integrate the behaviour and actions of the network users and other stakeholders,

• to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies via an electricity

network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it –

generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable,

economic and secure electricity supplies

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-617:2011, 617-04-13, modified – the second bullet point has been

updated.]

3.2 Abbreviated terms

AC alternating current

AIC active infeed converter

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2017年IEC TR 61000-2-5电磁兼容环境分类新标准

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