SATA协议详解：最新ACS-2标准修订版

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SATA（Serial Advanced Technology Attachment）协议是现代计算机硬盘接口标准之一，它允许数据在主机和硬盘驱动器之间进行高速、串行传输，以提高数据传输效率和系统性能。这份文档是关于ATA/ATAPI Command Set-2（ACS-2）的Working Draft Project，由美国T13 Technical Committee（一个专门负责硬盘接口技术的标准制定组织）提出，并于2009年8月3日发布修订第二版。该标准是美国国家标准化组织（ANSI）/国际标准化组织（ISO）认可的一个草案，ISO/IEC编号未在提供的部分给出，而ANSI INCITS编号也相应未提供，但表明该文档适用于INCITS的技术委员会及其关联任务组，用于标准化活动，但需保留所有版权，禁止未经许可的商业或盈利复制和再发布。文档的主要编辑是来自Western Digital Technologies, Inc.的Curtis E. Stevens，他负责处理技术相关的问题并确保标准的准确性和一致性。 ACS-2定义了一系列硬盘命令，包括寻道、读写数据、错误检测和处理等操作，这些都是与硬盘交互的基础。这个协议的重要性在于它确保了不同厂商生产的硬盘能相互兼容，用户无需担心硬件间的兼容性问题。随着技术的发展，SATA协议也在不断更新，以适应更高的数据传输速度（如SATA 3.0支持6 Gbps，SATA 4.0提升至16 Gbps），以及更复杂的功能，如热插拔（Hot Swap）和高级错误校验。使用这份SATA协议资料时，应明确意识到这仍是一个工作草案，可能会根据公众审查和最终批准为标准的过程中收到的反馈进行修改。因此，在实施SATA技术时，了解其最新状态和可能的变化对于保持系统稳定性至关重要。这份文档提供了深入理解SATA协议的基石，对于硬件开发者、系统集成商和IT专业人士来说，掌握这一协议的细节是确保设备高效互操作性和优化存储解决方案的关键。同时，对于标准制定者和研究者来说，它也是一个宝贵的参考资源，可以帮助跟踪和评估未来硬盘接口技术的发展趋势。

T13/2015-D Revision 2 August 3, 2009

xvi Working Draft ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 2 (ACS-2)

7.72 WRITE MULTIPLE EXT - 39h, PIO Data-Out .................................................................................... 321

7.73 WRITE MULTIPLE FUA EXT - CEh, PIO Data-Out ........................................................................... 322

7.74 WRITE SECTOR(S) - 30h, PIO Data-Out .......................................................................................... 323

7.75 WRITE SECTOR(S) EXT - 34h, PIO Data-Out .................................................................................. 324

7.76 WRITE STREAM DMA EXT - 3Ah, DMA ........................................................................................... 325

7.77 WRITE STREAM EXT - 3Bh, PIO Data-Out ....................................................................................... 328

7.78 WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT - 45h, Non-Data ............................................................................ 329

8 SCT Command Transport .............................................................................................................................. 331

8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 331

8.1.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 331

8.1.2 SCT command nesting and interspersing with standard commands .......................................... 331

8.1.3 Resets ......................................................................................................................................... 331

8.2 Processing SCT commands ................................................................................................................. 332

8.2.1 Processing SCT commands overview ........................................................................................ 332

8.2.2 SCT capability identification ........................................................................................................ 332

8.2.3 SCT command transfer ............................................................................................................... 332

8.2.4 SCT data transfer ........................................................................................................................ 336

8.2.5 SCT status .................................................................................................................................. 338

8.3 SCT Command Set .............................................................................................................................. 342

8.3.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 342

8.3.2 SCT Write Same command ......................................................................................................... 343

8.3.3 SCT Error Recovery Control command ....................................................................................... 346

8.3.4 SCT Feature Control command ................................................................................................... 348

8.3.5 SCT Data Table command........................................................................................................... 351

9 Normal and Error Outputs .............................................................................................................................. 355

9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 355

9.2 Normal Outputs .................................................................................................................................... 355

9.3 Error Outputs ........................................................................................................................................ 376

Annex A (Normative) Log Definitions ................................................................................................................. 417

A.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 417

A.2 General Purpose Log Directory (GPL Log Address 00h) ..................................................................... 419

A.3 SMART Log Directory (SMART Logging Log Address 00h) ................................................................ 419

A.4 Comprehensive SMART Error Log (Log Address 02h) ........................................................................ 419

A.5 Device Statistics (Log Address 04h) .................................................................................................... 421

A.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 421

A.5.2 List of Supported Device Statistics Pages (Page 00h) ...................................................................... 423

A.5.3 Free Fall Statistics (Page 02h) .......................................................................................................... 423

A.5.4 General Statistics (Page 01h) ........................................................................................................... 425

A.5.5 General Errors Statistics (Page 04h) ................................................................................................ 429

A.5.6 Rotating Media Statistics (Page 03h) ................................................................................................ 430

A.5.7 Solid State Device Statistics (Page 07h) ........................................................................................... 434

A.5.8 Temperature Statistics (Page 05h) ................................................................................................... 435

A.5.9 Transport Statistics (Page 06h) ......................................................................................................... 442

A.5.10 Reserved (Page 08h..FFh) .............................................................................................................. 444

A.6 Device Vendor Specific Logs (Log Addresses A0h-DFh) .................................................................... 444

A.7 Extended Comprehensive SMART Error log (Log Address 03h) ......................................................... 445

A.8 Power Conditions (Log Address 08h) .................................................................................................. 448

A.9 Extended SMART Self-Test Log (Log Address 07h) ........................................................................... 456

A.10 Host Vendor Specific Logs (Log Addresses 80h-9Fh) ....................................................................... 457

A.11 LPS Mis-alignment log (Log Address 0Dh) ........................................................................................ 458

A.12 NCQ Command Error (Log Address 10h) .......................................................................................... 460

A.13 Read Stream Error Log (Log Address 22h) ....................................................................................... 461

A.14 SATA Phy Event Counters (Log Address 11h) .................................................................................. 463

A.15 Selective Self-Test Log (Log Address 09h) ........................................................................................ 464

August 3, 2009 T13/2015-D Revision 2

Working Draft ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 2 (ACS-2) xvii

A.16 SMART Self-Test Log (Log Address 06h) .......................................................................................... 466

A.17 Summary SMART Error Log (Log Address 01h) ................................................................................ 467

A.18 Write Stream Error Log (Log Address 21h) ........................................................................................ 470

Annex B (Informative) Command Set summary................................................................................................. 473

Annex C (Informative) Design and programming considerations for large physical sector devices .................. 499

C.1 Physical sectors ................................................................................................................................... 499

C.2 Unaligned write .................................................................................................................................... 499

C.3 SET MAX ............................................................................................................................................. 500

C.4 Software compatibility .......................................................................................................................... 500

Annex D (Informative) How to use SCT commands .......................................................................................... 501

D.1 How to use SCT commands overview ................................................................................................. 501

D.2 Examples of Log page command sequences ...................................................................................... 503

D.3 Issuing an SCT command to a device ................................................................................................. 507

D.3.1 Step 1 - Build a Key Page ................................................................................................................. 507

D.3.2 Step 2 - Issue the SCT command ..................................................................................................... 508

D.3.3 Step 3 - Transfer Data if Required .................................................................................................... 509

D.3.4 Step 4 - Final Status/SCT Command Completion ............................................................................ 510

Annex E (Informative) Implementation Guidelines For 1 024/4 096 Byte Sector Sizes ..................................... 511

E.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 511

E.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 511

E.3 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 511

E.4 Implementation ..................................................................................................................................... 513

E.4.1 1 024 Byte Sector Size Implementation ............................................................................................ 513

E.4.2 4 096 Byte Sector Size Implementation ............................................................................................ 513

E.4.3 Reporting Alignment (512 Byte LBA Only) ........................................................................................ 513

E.4.4 Read-Modify-Write (RMW) (512-Byte LBA Only) .............................................................................. 514

E.5 Implementation Issues (512-Byte LBA Only) ....................................................................................... 514

E.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 514

E.5.2 Drive Partitioning ............................................................................................................................... 515

E.5.3 File System Formatting ..................................................................................................................... 516

E.5.4 Virtual Memory accessing ................................................................................................................. 516

E.5.5 Booting .............................................................................................................................................. 516

August 3, 2009 T13/2015-D Revision 2

Working Draft ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 2 (ACS-2) xix

Tables

Page

Table 1 - Approved ANSI References.................................................................................................................... 2

Table 2 - References Under Development ............................................................................................................ 3

Table 3 - Numbering conventions ........................................................................................................................ 11

Table 4 - ATA string byte swapping ..................................................................................................................... 15

Table 5 - ATA firmware revision example ............................................................................................................ 15

Table 6 - Feature Set Summary........................................................................................................................... 16

Table 7 - Block Size By Command ...................................................................................................................... 44

Table 8 - Media Card type references ................................................................................................................. 47

Table 9 - Summary of Security States and Characteristics.................................................................................. 62

Table 10 - Security Command Actions ................................................................................................................ 63

Table 11 - IDENTIFY settings for Security state SEC1........................................................................................ 68

Table 12 - IDENTIFY settings for Security state SEC2........................................................................................ 69

Table 13 - IDENTIFY settings for Security state SEC4........................................................................................ 70

Table 14 - IDENTIFY settings for Security state SEC5........................................................................................ 71

Table 15 - IDENTIFY settings for Security state SEC6........................................................................................ 72

Table 16 - Preserved Feature Sets and Settings ................................................................................................. 74

Table 17 - Status field .......................................................................................................................................... 79

Table 18 - Error field ............................................................................................................................................ 81

Table 19 - Interrupt Reason Field ........................................................................................................................ 82

Table 20 - Count field........................................................................................................................................... 83

Table 21 - Example Normal Output ..................................................................................................................... 85

Table 22 - Example Error Output ......................................................................................................................... 86

Table 23 - Extended error codes ......................................................................................................................... 89

Table 24 - CFA TRANSLATE SECTOR data....................................................................................................... 91

Table 25 - Device Configuration Overlay Feature field values........................................................................... 101

Table 26 - Device Configuration Identify data structure ..................................................................................... 104

Table 27 - Device Configuration Overlay (DCO) data structure......................................................................... 112

Table 28 - Count field output for DOWNLOAD MICROCODE requesting the offset transfer method .............. 122

Table 29 - Diagnostic codes .............................................................................................................................. 126

Table 30 - IDENTIFY DEVICE data ................................................................................................................... 130

Table 31 - Specific Configuration ....................................................................................................................... 149

Table 32 - Minor version number ....................................................................................................................... 156

Table 33 - Normal Erase Mode Time ................................................................................................................. 162

Table 34 - Enhanced Erase Mode Time ............................................................................................................ 162

Table 35 - IDENTIFY DEVICE data World Wide Name field (word-based view) ............................................... 165

Table 36 - IDENTIFY DEVICE data World Wide Name field (byte-based view) ................................................ 166

Table 37 - Device Nominal Form Factor ............................................................................................................ 167

Table 38 - Nominal Media Rotation Rate ........................................................................................................... 168

Table 39 - Transport minor version number....................................................................................................... 169

Table 40 - IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE data.................................................................................................... 172

Table 41 - Standby timer periods ...................................................................................................................... 189

Table 42 - NV Cache Commands ...................................................................................................

................... 192

Table 43 - NV Cache Power Management Commands ..................................................................................... 193

Table 44 - Request Pin Data.............................................................................................................................. 195

Table 45 - Cache Miss Data .............................................................................................................................. 200

Table 46 - Pin Set Data...................................................................................................................................... 201

Table 47 - Remove Pin Data.............................................................................................................................. 203

Table 48 - NOP Subcommand Code ................................................................................................................. 206

Table 49 - Sanitize Device Feature Field Values ............................................................................................... 232

Table 50 - SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD data content............................................................................. 240

Table 51 - SECURITY ERASE UNIT data content ............................................................................................ 243

Table 52 - SECURITY SET PASSWORD data content ..................................................................................... 246

Table 53 - SECURITY UNLOCK data content................................................................................................... 248

Table 54 - SET FEATURES Feature field definitions......................................................................................... 249

Table 55 - Transfer modes................................................................................................................................. 252

T13/2015-D Revision 2 August 3, 2009

xx Working Draft ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 2 (ACS-2)

Table 56 - APM levels........................................................................................................................................ 252

Table 57 - Write-Read-Verify Modes ................................................................................................................. 254

Table 58 - AAM levels........................................................................................................................................ 254

Table 59 - SATA Features ................................................................................................................................. 256

Table 60 - Extended Power Conditions Subcommands .................................................................................... 258

Table 61 - Power Condition IDs ......................................................................................................................... 258

Table 62 - SET MAX Feature field values.......................................................................................................... 266

Table 63 - SET MAX SET PASSWORD data content ....................................................................................... 271

Table 64 - SMART Feature field values ............................................................................................................. 280

Table 65 - SMART EXECUTE OFF-LINE IMMEDIATE Subcommands ............................................................ 285

Table 66 - Device SMART data structure .......................................................................................................... 290

Table 67 - Off-line data collection status byte values ........................................................................................ 291

Table 68 - Self-test execution status values ...................................................................................................... 292

Table 69 - Offline Data Collection Capabilities .................................................................................................. 293

Table 70 - TRUSTED RECEIVE Security Protocol field description .................................................................. 301

Table 71 - Security Protocol 00h - SP Specific field descriptions for Protocol 00h ............................................ 302

Table 72 - TRUSTED RECEIVE parameter data for SP Specific=0000h .......................................................... 303

Table 73 - TRUSTED RECEIVE parameter data for SP Specific=0001h .......................................................... 303

Table 74 - TRUSTED SEND - Security Protocol field description...................................................................... 307

Table 75 - Fields to issue an SCT command using SMART WRITE LOG......................................................... 332

Table 76 - Fields to issue an SCT command using WRITE LOG (DMA) EXT................................................... 333

Table 77 - Successful SCT command response................................................................................................ 334

Table 78 - SCT command error response ......................................................................................................... 335

Table 79 - Extended Status codes..................................................................................................................... 336

Table 80 - SCT data transfer using SMART READ LOG or SMART WRITE LOG............................................ 337

Table 81 - SCT data transfer using the GPL feature set.................................................................................... 338

Table 82 - SCT status request using SMART READ LOG ................................................................................ 339

Table 83 - SCT status request using the GPL feature set ................................................................................. 340

Table 84 - Format of SCT status response........................................................................................................ 340

Table 85 - SCT command format....................................................................................................................... 342

Table 86 - SCT Action Codes ............................................................................................................................ 342

Table 87 - SCT Write Same command .............................................................................................................. 344

Table 88 - SCT Write Same command status response.................................................................................... 345

Table 89 - SCT Error Recovery Control command ............................................................................................ 346

Table 90 - SCT Error Recovery Control command status response.................................................................. 347

Table 91 - SCT Feature Control command ........................................................................................................ 348

Table 92 - Feature Code List ............................................................................................................................. 349

Table 93 - SCT Feature Control command status response.............................................................................. 350

Table 94 - SCT Data Table command ............................................................................................................... 351

Table 95 - SCT Data Tables (by Table Identifier) .............................................................................................. 351

Table 96 - Absolute HDA Temperature.............................................................................................................. 352

Table 97 - SCT Data Table command status response..................................................................................... 354

Table 98 - Error Bit Defined For Normal Output................................................................................................. 355

Table 99 - Extended Error Code for Normal Output .......................................................................................... 356

Table 100 - Generic Normal Output (No LBA Return Value) for Normal Output................................................ 357

Table 101 - CFA Normal Output ........................................................................................................................ 358

Table 102 - Media Card Type Normal Output.................................................................................................... 359

Table 103 - Check Power Mode Normal Output ................................................................................................ 360

Table 104 - Stream Normal Output .................................................................................................................... 362

Table 105 - Device Signatures for Normal Output ............................................................................................. 363

Table 106 - IDLE Unload Normal Output ........................................................................................................... 364

Table 107 - ATAPI Normal Output ..................................................................................................................... 365

Table 108 - HPA Normal Output ........................................................................................................................ 366

Table 109 - SMART Off-Line Immediate Normal Output ................................................................................... 367

Table 110 - SMART Return Status Normal Output............................................................................................ 368

Table 111 - Generic Extended Normal Output................................................................................................... 369

Table 112 - SETMAX Extended Normal Output ................................................................................................ 370

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