2009版iPhone开发指南：Xcode环境详解

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While the Documentation window is a great tool to browse the iPhone documentation library, sometimes

you may not want to take your focus away from the text editor while you write code, but need basic

information about a symbol in a condensed way. The Research Assistant provides such information in a small

and unobtrusive window.

The Research Assistant actively follows you as you move the cursor around a source file. When it recognizes

a symbol for which it finds API reference, the Research Assistant displays that reference, as shown in Figure

1-4. All you have to do is glance at the Research Assistant to get essential details about the symbol.

To display the Research Assistant, choose Help > Show Research Assistant.

Figure 1-4 Viewing API reference in the Research Assistant

From the Research Assistant you can quickly jump to more comprehensive reference for the symbol, or even

view the header that declares it.

For more information about accessing documentation in Xcode, see Documentation Access.

Building and Running Your Application

iPhone Simulator implements the iPhone OS API, providing an environment that closely resembles the

environment devices provide. It allows you to run your applications in Mac OS X, letting you quickly test

application functionality when you don’t have a device available. However, running applications in iPhone

Simulator is not the same as running them in actual devices. iPhone Simulator does not emulate device

performance: It doesn’t implement the memory constraints or processor performance of an actual device.

First, the simulator uses Mac OS X versions of the low-level system frameworks instead of the versions that

run on the devices. Secondly, there may be hardware-based functionality that’s unavailable on the simulator.

But, in general, the simulator is a great tool to perform initial testing of your applications.

To get an accurate idea of how your application performs on a user’s device, you must run the application

on a device and gather performance data using Instruments and other performance-measuring tools.

Essential Development Tasks

CHAPTER 1

iPhone Development Quick Start

To compile and debug your code, Xcode relies on open-source tools, such as GCC and GDB. Xcode also

supports team-based development with source control systems, such as Subversion, CVS, and Perforce.

Building your application involves the following steps:

■ Compiling your source files and generating your application binary.

■ Placing the binary in iPhone Simulator or on your device.

Xcode performs these tasks for you when you execute the Build command. See "Running Applications" (page

31) for details.

Measuring Application Performance

After you have tested your application’s functionality, you must ensure that it performs well on a device. This

means that the application uses the device’s resources as efficiently as possible. For example, memory is a

scarce resource; therefore, your application should maintain a small memory footprint not to impair the

performance of iPhone OS. Your application should also use efficient algorithms to consume as little power

as possible not to reduce battery life. Xcode provides two major tools to measure and tune application

performance: Instruments and Shark.

The Instruments application is a dynamic performance analysis tool that lets you peer into your code as it’s

running and gather important metrics about what it is doing. You can view and analyze the data Instruments

collects in real time, or you can save that data and analyze it later. You can collect data about your application’s

use of the CPU, memory, the file system, and the network, among other resources.

The Shark application is another tool that helps you find performance bottlenecks in your code. It produces

profiles of hardware and software performance events and shows how your code works as a whole and its

interaction with iPhone OS.

See "Tuning Applications" (page 73) for more information.

Further Exploration

To learn more about the Xcode development process, see Xcode Project Management Guide.

Tutorial: Hello, World!

This tutorial guides you through the creation of a simple project that prints text on the iPhone screen.

Create the Project

To create the Hello World project, follow these steps:

1. Launch the Xcode application, located in <Xcode>/Applications.

Tutorial: Hello, World! 17

CHAPTER 1

iPhone Development Quick Start

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