STM32L151xx/152xx：超低功耗ARM Cortex-M3微控制器特性与规格

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STM32L151xx和STM32L152xx系列是基于ARM架构的超低功耗32位微控制器，适用于对能源效率有极高要求的应用场景。这些设备的特点包括： 1. **电源范围与温度适应性**：工作电压在1.65V到3.6V之间，没有Brown Out Reset (BOR)功能时，或者选择1.8V至3.6V供电时可选。工作温度范围宽广，可达-40℃到+85℃，确保了在极端环境下的稳定运行。 2. **低功耗模式**：提供了多种节能模式： - **Sleep模式**：适用于非常低功耗需求，电流消耗约为9μA，在32kHz频率下。 - **Low-power run模式**：进一步降低功耗至4.4μA。 - **Stop模式**：配合RTC工作，电流消耗为1.45μA，非常适合长时间待机。 - **Standby模式**：最省电状态，仅300nA，适合极低功耗背景。 - **动态核心电压调整**：支持从233μA/MHz的电压下进行自动调节。 3. **处理器性能**：内置ARM Cortex-M3 CPU，最高运行速度可达32MHz，具有出色的性能指标，如33.3 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1)。 4. **系统管理**： - **低功耗安全BOD（Brown Out Reset）**：提供5个可编程阈值，保护系统免受电压异常影响。 - **超低功耗POR/PDR**：在电源恢复时提供快速启动功能。 - **可编程电压检测器(PVD)**：用于监控供电状况。 5. **时钟管理**： - 支持1到24MHz外部晶体振荡器。 - 内置32kHz振荡器用于RTC，并具备校准功能。 - 内部预设的16MHz工厂精确的RC振荡器。 - 还有一个低功耗多速RC振荡器，范围从64kHz到4MHz。 STM32L151xx和STM32L152xx系列微控制器凭借其广泛的电压范围、高效的低功耗特性、强大的处理器性能以及全面的电源管理和时钟控制选项，成为物联网、无线传感器网络和电池驱动应用的理想选择。开发者可以根据具体项目需求灵活配置这些特性，以实现高效能与低功耗的完美平衡。

Functional overview STM32L151xx, STM32L152xx

16/110 Doc ID 17659 Rev 5

The boot loader is located in System Memory. It is used to reprogram the Flash memory by

using USART1 or USART2. For further details please refer to AN2606.

3.4 Clock management

The clock controller distributes the clocks coming from different oscillators to the core and

the peripherals. It also manages clock gating for low power modes and ensures clock

robustness. It features:

● Clock prescaler: to get the best tradeoff between speed and current consumption, the

clock frequency to the CPU and peripherals can be adjusted by a programmable

prescaler

● Safe clock switching: clock sources can be changed safely on the fly in run mode

through a configuration register.

● Clock management: to reduce power consumption, the clock controller can stop the

clock to the core, individual peripherals or memory.

● Master clock source: three different clock sources can be used to drive the master

clock:

– 1-24 MHz high-speed external crystal (HSE), that can supply a PLL

– 16 MHz high-speed internal RC oscillator (HSI), trimmable by software, that can

supply a PLL

– Multispeed internal RC oscillator (MSI), trimmable by software, able to generate 7

frequencies (65.5 kHz, 131 kHz, 262 kHz, 524 kHz, 1.05 MHz, 2.1 MHz, 4.2 MHz)

with a consumption proportional to speed, down to 750 nA typical. When a

32.768 kHz clock source is available in the system (LSE), the MSI frequency can

be trimmed by software down to a ±0.5% accuracy.

● Auxiliary clock source: two ultralow power clock sources that can be used to drive the

LCD controller and the real-time clock:

– 32.768 kHz low-speed external crystal (LSE)

– 37 kHz low-speed internal RC (LSI), also used to drive the independent watchdog.

The LSI clock can be measured using the high-speed internal RC oscillator for

greater precision.

● RTC and LCD clock sources: the LSI, LSE or HSE sources can be chosen to clock

the RTC and the LCD, whatever the system clock.

● USB clock source: the embedded PLL has a dedicated 48 MHz clock output to supply

the USB interface.

● Startup clock: after reset, the microcontroller restarts by default with an internal

2.1 MHz clock (MSI). The prescaler ratio and clock source can be changed by the

application program as soon as the code execution starts.

● Clock security system (CSS): this feature can be enabled by software. If a HSE clock

failure occurs, the master clock is automatically switched to HSI and a software

interrupt is generated if enabled.

● Clock-out capability (MCO: microcontroller clock output): it outputs one of the

internal clocks for external use by the application.

Several prescalers allow the configuration of the AHB frequency, the high-speed APB

(APB2) and the low-speed APB (APB1) domains. The maximum frequency of the AHB and

the APB domains is 32 MHz. See Figure 2 for details on the clock tree.

STM32L151xx, STM32L152xx Functional overview

Doc ID 17659 Rev 5 17/110

Figure 2. Clock tree

2. For the USB function to be available, both HSE and PLL must be enabled, with the CPU running at either

24 MHz or 32 MHz.

3.5 Low power real-time clock and backup registers

The real-time clock (RTC) is an independent BCD timer/counter. Dedicated registers contain

the second, minute, hour (12/24 hour), week day, date, month, year, in BCD (binary-coded

decimal) format. Correction for 28, 29 (leap year), 30, and 31 day of the month are made

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STM32L151xx, STM32L152xx Functional overview

Doc ID 17659 Rev 5 19/110

3.7 Memories

The STM32L15xxx devices have the following features:

● Up to 16 Kbyte of embedded RAM accessed (read/write) at CPU clock speed with 0

wait states. With the enhanced bus matrix, operating the RAM does not lead to any

performance penalty during accesses to the system bus (AHB and APB buses).

● The non-volatile memory is divided into three arrays:

– 32, 64 or 128 Kbyte of embedded Flash program memory

– 4 Kbyte of data EEPROM

– Options bytes

The options bytes are used to write-protect the memory (with 4 KB granularity) and/or

readout-protect the whole memory with the following options:

– Level 0: no readout protection

– Level 1: memory readout protection, the Flash memory cannot be read from or

written to if either debug features are connected or boot in RAM is selected

– Level 2: chip readout protection, debug features (Cortex-M3 JTAG and serial wire)

and boot in RAM selection disabled (JTAG fuse)

The whole non-volatile memory embeds the error correction code (ECC) feature.

3.8 DMA (direct memory access)

The flexible 7-channel, general-purpose DMA is able to manage memory-to-memory,

peripheral-to-memory and memory-to-peripheral transfers. The DMA controller supports

circular buffer management, avoiding the generation of interrupts when the controller

reaches the end of the buffer.

Each channel is connected to dedicated hardware DMA requests, with software trigger

support for each channel. Configuration is done by software and transfer sizes between

source and destination are independent.

The DMA can be used with the main peripherals: SPI, I

C, USART, general-purpose timers

and ADC.

3.9 LCD (liquid crystal display)

The LCD drives up to 8 common terminals and 44 segment terminals to drive up to 320

pixels.

● Internal step-up converter to guarantee functionality and contrast control irrespective of

. This converter can be deactivated, in which case the V

LCD

pin is used to provide

the voltage to the LCD

● Supports static, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/8 duty

● Supports static, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 bias

● Phase inversion to reduce power consumption and EMI

● Up to 8 pixels can be programmed to blink

● Unneeded segments and common pins can be used as general I/O pins

● LCD RAM can be updated at any time owing to a double-buffer

● The LCD controller can operate in Stop mode

Functional overview STM32L151xx, STM32L152xx

20/110 Doc ID 17659 Rev 5

3.10 ADC (analog-to-digital converter)

A 12-bit analog-to-digital converters is embedded into STM32L15xxx devices with up to 24

external channels, performing conversions in single-shot or scan mode. In scan mode,

automatic conversion is performed on a selected group of analog inputs.

The ADC can be served by the DMA controller.

An analog watchdog feature allows very precise monitoring of the converted voltage of one,

some or all selected channels. An interrupt is generated when the converted voltage is

outside the programmed thresholds.

The events generated by the general-purpose timers (TIMx) can be internally connected to

the ADC start trigger and injection trigger, to allow the application to synchronize A/D

conversions and timers.

The ADC includes a specific low power mode. The converter is able to operate at maximum

speed even if the CPU is operating at a very low frequency and has an auto-shutdown

function. The ADC’s runtime and analog front-end current consumption are thus minimized

whatever the MCU operating mode.

Temperature sensor

The temperature sensor has to generate a voltage that varies linearly with temperature. The

conversion range is between 1.8 V < V

DDA

< 3.6 V. The temperature sensor is internally

connected to the ADC_IN16 input channel.

3.11 DAC (digital-to-analog converter)

The two 12-bit buffered DAC channels can be used to convert two digital signals into two

analog voltage signal outputs. The chosen design structure is composed of integrated

resistor strings and an amplifier in non-inverting configuration.

This dual digital Interface supports the following features:

● two DAC converters: one for each output channel

● left or right data alignment in 12-bit mode

● synchronized update capability

● noise-wave generation

● triangular-wave generation

● dual DAC channels’ independent or simultaneous conversions

● DMA capability for each channel (including the underrun interrupt)

● external triggers for conversion

● input reference voltage V

REF+

Eight DAC trigger inputs are used in the STM32L15xxx. The DAC channels are triggered

through the timer update outputs that are also connected to different DMA channels.

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