IBM ILE RPG for AS400 完整参考手册

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"ILE RPG for AS400 Reference是IBM提供的一本详尽的开发者手册，专注于在AS/400系统上使用RPGLE（Integrated Language Environment - RPG for AS/400）进行编程的指南。该参考文档适用于版本4及其后续的发布和修改。" ILE RPG是IBM i (以前称为AS/400) 平台上的一种编程语言，它是经典RPG（Report Program Generator）的增强版，增加了面向对象编程、模块化和现代编程风格的支持。此参考手册深入探讨了如何利用ILE RPG编写高效、可靠的业务应用程序。在ILE（Integrated Language Environment）框架下，RPGLE与其他IBM i上的编程语言如CL、COBOL等可以协同工作，允许代码重用和更高级别的集成。ILE RPG支持包括类型定义、子程序、接口、类和继承在内的面向对象特性，这极大地扩展了传统RPG的功能。手册中可能包含的内容有： 1. **语法和结构**：详细解释了ILE RPG的语法规则，包括数据定义（D-specs）、程序定义（P-specs）、控制流结构（如IF-THEN-ELSE，DO Loops）以及计算和逻辑表达式。 2. **过程接口（Procedure Interface, PI）和模块（Module）**：如何设计和使用PIs来创建可重用的代码模块，以及如何将它们组织成模块库。 3. **编译器选项和指令**：列出所有可用的编译器选项，这些选项可以影响程序的行为，例如优化级别、错误处理和调试选项。 4. **文件操作和I/O处理**：涵盖如何处理数据库文件，包括物理文件、逻辑文件和数据描述规格（DDS）。 5. **错误处理和调试**：提供错误处理策略，以及如何在程序中插入调试代码以诊断问题。 6. **面向对象编程**：解释如何在RPGLE中实现面向对象的设计原则，如封装、继承和多态性。 7. **例程和库管理**：指导如何创建和管理RPGLE例程，以及如何使用系统提供的服务程序和API。 8. **性能调优**：提供最佳实践和技巧，以提高ILE RPG程序的执行效率。 9. **与操作系统交互**：介绍如何通过RPGLE程序与IBM i操作系统进行通信，例如系统调用和用户接口设计。 10. **工具和环境**：讨论用于开发、测试和部署ILE RPG程序的IBM i开发工具，如RDi（Rational Developer for i）。这本手册对于AS/400或IBM i系统的开发人员来说是一份宝贵的资源，它不仅提供了技术细节，还包含了帮助程序员理解和应用ILE RPG的实用示例。由于IBM会定期更新产品，因此确保使用与系统当前版本匹配的手册版本至关重要，以获取最新的功能和建议。

Record Format Name ............................. 338

Externally Described Files .............................. 338

Position 6 (Form Type) .............................. 338

Record Identification and Control Entries ..................... 338

Positions 7-16 (Record Name) ......................... 338

Positions 16-18 (Logical Relationship) ..................... 338

Position 17 (Type) ................................. 338

Position 18 (Release) ............................... 339

Positions 18-20 (Record Addition) ....................... 339

Positions 21-29 (Output Indicators) ....................... 339

Positions 30-39 (EXCEPT Name) ........................ 339

Field Description and Control Entries ....................... 339

Positions 21-29 (Output Indicators) ....................... 339

Positions 30-43 (Field Name) .......................... 339

Position 45 (Blank After) ............................. 340

Chapter 19. Procedure Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Procedure Specification Statement ......................... 341

| Procedure Specification Keyword Continuation Line ............. 342

| Procedure Specification Continued Name Line ................ 342

Position 6 (Form Type) .............................. 342

Positions 7-21 (Name) .............................. 342

Position 24 (Begin/End Procedure) ....................... 343

Positions 44-80 (Keywords) ........................... 343

Procedure-Specification Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

EXPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Built-in Functions, Expressions, and Operation Codes .................. 345

Chapter 20. Built-in Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Built-in Functions Alphabetically .......................... 352

%ABS (Absolute Value of Expression) ..................... 352

%ADDR (Get Address of Variable) ....................... 353

| %CHAR (Convert to Character Data) ...................... 355

%DEC (Convert to Packed Decimal Format) ................. 356

%DECH (Convert to Packed Decimal Format with Half Adjust) ..... 356

%DECPOS (Get Number of Decimal Positions) ................ 357

%EDITC (Edit Value Using an Editcode) .................... 358

%EDITFLT (Convert to Float External Representation) ........... 361

%EDITW (Edit Value Using an Editword) ................... 362

%ELEM (Get Number of Elements) ....................... 363

| %EOF (Return End or Beginning of File Condition) ............. 364

| %EQUAL (Return Exact Match Condition) ................... 366

| %ERROR (Return Error Condition) ....................... 368

%FLOAT (Convert to Floating Format) ..................... 369

| %FOUND (Return Found Condition) ...................... 370

%INT (Convert to Integer Format) ....................... 372

%INTH (Convert to Integer Format with Half Adjust) ........... 372

%LEN (Get or Set Length) ............................ 373

%LEN Used for its Value ........................... 373

| %LEN Used to Set the Length of Variable-Length Fields ......... 374

%NULLIND (Query or Set Null Indicator) ................... 376

| %OPEN (Return File Open Condition) ..................... 377

xiv ILE RPG for AS/400 Reference

%PADDR (Get Procedure Address) ...................... 378

%PARMS (Return Number of Parameters) .................. 379

| %REPLACE (Replace Character String) .................... 381

%SCAN (Scan for Characters) ......................... 383

%SIZE (Get Size in Bytes) ............................ 384

| %STATUS (Return File or Program Status) .................. 386

%STR (Get or Store Null-Terminated String) ................. 389

%STR Used to Get Null-Terminated String ................. 389

%STR Used to Store Null-Terminated String ................ 390

%SUBST (Get Substring) ............................ 391

%SUBST Used for its Value ......................... 391

%SUBST Used as the Result of an Assignment .............. 391

%TRIM (Trim Blanks at Edges) ......................... 393

%TRIML (Trim Leading Blanks) ......................... 394

%TRIMR (Trim Trailing Blanks) ......................... 395

%UNS (Convert to Unsigned Format) ..................... 396

%UNSH (Convert to Unsigned Format with Half Adjust) ......... 396

Chapter 21. Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

General Expression Rules .............................. 398

Expression Operands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Expression Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Operation Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Data Types Supported by Expression Operands ............... 402

Format of Numeric Intermediate Results .................... 404

For the operators +, -, and *: ........................ 404

For the / operator: ............................... 404

For the ** operator: .............................. 404

Precision Rules for Numeric Operations ...................... 404

Using the Default Precision Rules ....................... 405

Precision of Intermediate Results ........................ 405

Example of Default Precision Rules ...................... 406

Using the "Result Decimal Position" Precision Rules ............. 408

Example of "Result Decimal Position" Precision Rules ............ 409

Short Circuit Evaluation ............................... 410

Order of Evaluation .................................. 411

Chapter 22. Operation Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Arithmetic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Ensuring Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Integer and Unsigned Arithmetic ........................ 420

Arithmetic Operations Examples ........................ 420

Array Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Bit Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Branching Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Call Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Prototyped Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Operational Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Parsing Program Names on a Call ....................... 424

Program CALL Example ........................... 425

Parsing System Built-In Names ......................... 426

Value of *ROUTINE ................................ 427

Contents xv

Compare Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Data-Area Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Date Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Adding or Subtracting Dates ........................... 431

Calculating Durations between Dates ..................... 431

Unexpected Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Declarative Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

File Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Indicator-Setting Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Information Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Initialization Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Memory Management Operations ......................... 436

Message Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Move Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Moving Character, Graphic, and Numeric Data ................ 438

Moving Date-Time Data ............................. 439

Examples of Converting a Character Field to a Date Field ........ 441

Move Zone Operations ............................... 443

String Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Structured Programming Operations ........................ 445

Subroutine Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Coding Subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Subroutine Coding Examples ......................... 449

Test Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Chapter 23. Operation Codes Detail ...................... 451

ACQ (Acquire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

ADD (Add) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

ADDDUR (Add Duration) .............................. 454

ALLOC (Allocate Storage) .............................. 456

ANDxx (And) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

BEGSR (Beginning of Subroutine) ......................... 458

BITOFF (Set Bits Off) ................................ 459

BITON (Set Bits On) ................................. 460

CABxx (Compare and Branch) ........................... 462

CALL (Call a Program) ............................... 464

CALLB (Call a Bound Procedure) ......................... 465

CALLP (Call a Prototyped Procedure or Program) ................ 466

CASxx (Conditionally Invoke Subroutine) ..................... 469

CAT (Concatenate Two Strings) .......................... 471

CHAIN (Random Retrieval from a File) ...................... 474

CHECK (Check Characters) ............................ 477

CHECKR (Check Reverse) ............................. 480

CLEAR (Clear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

CLOSE (Close Files) ................................. 487

COMMIT (Commit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

COMP (Compare) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

DEALLOC (Free Storage) .............................. 490

DEFINE (Field Definition) .............................. 492

*LIKE DEFINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

*DTAARA DEFINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

DELETE (Delete Record) .............................. 496

DIV (Divide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

DO (Do) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

xvi ILE RPG for AS/400 Reference

DOU (Do Until) .................................... 500

DOUxx (Do Until) ................................... 501

DOW (Do While) ................................... 503

DOWxx (Do While) .................................. 504

DSPLY (Display Function) .............................. 506

DUMP (Program Dump) ............................... 509

ELSE (Else) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

ENDyy (End a Structured Group) ......................... 511

ENDSR (End of Subroutine) ............................ 512

EVAL (Evaluate expression) ............................ 513

EXCEPT (Calculation Time Output) ........................ 515

EXFMT (Write/Then Read Format) ......................... 517

EXSR (Invoke Subroutine) ............................. 519

EXTRCT (Extract Date/Time/Timestamp) ..................... 520

FEOD (Force End of Data) ............................. 522

FORCE (Force a Certain File to Be Read Next Cycle) ............. 523

GOTO (Go To) .................................... 524

IF (If) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

IFxx (If) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

IN (Retrieve a Data Area) .............................. 529

ITER (Iterate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

KFLD (Define Parts of a Key) ............................ 533

KLIST (Define a Composite Key) .......................... 534

LEAVE (Leave a Do Group) ............................ 536

LOOKUP (Look Up a Table or Array Element) .................. 538

MHHZO (Move High to High Zone) ........................ 541

MHLZO (Move High to Low Zone) ......................... 542

MLHZO (Move Low to High Zone) ......................... 543

MLLZO (Move Low to Low Zone) ......................... 544

MOVE (Move) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

MOVEA (Move Array) ................................ 559

Character and graphic MOVEA Operations .................. 559

Numeric MOVEA Operations .......................... 559

General MOVEA Operations ........................... 560

MOVEL (Move Left) ................................. 565

MULT (Multiply) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

MVR (Move Remainder) ............................... 576

NEXT (Next) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

OCCUR (Set/Get Occurrence of a Data Structure) ............... 578

OPEN (Open File for Processing) ......................... 582

ORxx (Or) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

OTHER (Otherwise Select) ............................. 585

OUT (Write a Data Area) .............................. 586

PARM (Identify Parameters) ............................ 587

PLIST (Identify a Parameter List) ......................... 590

POST (Post) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

READ (Read a Record) ............................... 594

READC (Read Next Changed Record) ...................... 597

READE (Read Equal Key) ............................. 599

READP (Read Prior Record) ............................ 602

READPE (Read Prior Equal) ............................ 604

REALLOC (Reallocate Storage with New Length) ................ 607

REL (Release) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

RESET (Reset) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Contents xvii

Resetting Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Resetting Record Formats ............................ 610

Additional Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

RESET Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

RETURN (Return to Caller) ............................. 616

ROLBK (Roll Back) .................................. 619

SCAN (Scan String) ................................. 620

SELECT (Begin a Select Group) .......................... 623

SETGT (Set Greater Than) ............................. 625

SETLL (Set Lower Limit) .............................. 629

SETOFF (Set Indicator Off) ............................. 633

SETON (Set Indicator On) ............................. 634

SHTDN (Shut Down) ................................. 635

SORTA (Sort an Array) ............................... 636

SQRT (Square Root) ................................. 638

SUB (Subtract) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

SUBDUR (Subtract Duration) ............................ 640

Subtract a duration ................................ 640

Calculate a duration ................................ 641

Possible error situations ............................. 642

SUBDUR Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

SUBST (Substring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

TAG (Tag) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646

TEST (Test Date/Time/Timestamp) ........................ 647

TESTB (Test Bit) ................................... 649

TESTN (Test Numeric) ............................... 651

TESTZ (Test Zone) .................................. 653

TIME (Time of Day) ................................. 654

UNLOCK (Unlock a Data Area or Release a Record) .............. 656

Unlocking data areas ............................... 656

Releasing record locks .............................. 656

UPDATE (Modify Existing Record) ......................... 658

WHEN (When True Then Select) ......................... 660

WHENxx (When True Then Select) ........................ 661

WRITE (Create New Records) ........................... 664

XFOOT (Summing the Elements of an Array) .................. 666

XLATE (Translate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Z-ADD (Zero and Add) ................................ 669

Z-SUB (Zero and Subtract) ............................. 670

Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Appendix A. RPG IV Restrictions ........................ 673

Appendix B. EBCDIC Collating Sequence ................... 675

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

xviii ILE RPG for AS/400 Reference

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