Sensors
and
Actuators
A
234
(2015)
34–42
Contents
lists
available
at
ScienceDirect
Sensors
and
Actuators
A:
Physical
j
ourna
l
ho
me
page:
www.elsevier.com/locate/sna
Design
and
fabrication
of
relaxor-ferroelectric
single
crystal
PIN–PMN–PT/epoxy
2–2
composite
based
array
transducer
Qingwen
Yue
a,b,∗
,
Dongxu
Liu
a,b
,
Ji
Deng
a,b
,
Xiangyong
Zhao
a
,
Di
Lin
a
,
Wenning
Di
a
,
Xiaobing
Li
a
,
Wei
Wang
a
,
Xi’an
Wang
a
,
Haosu
Luo
a,∗∗
a
Key
Laboratory
of
Inorganic
Functional
Materials
and
Devices,
Shanghai
Institute
of
Ceramics,
University
of
Chinese
Academy
of
Sciences,
215
Chengbei
Road,
Jiading,
Shanghai
201800,
China
b
University
of
Chinese
Academy
of
Sciences,
Beijing
100049,
China
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Article
history:
Received
11
March
2015
Received
in
revised
form
22
August
2015
Accepted
22
August
2015
Available
online
28
August
2015
Keywords:
Piezoelectric
Single
crystal
2–2
Composite
Array
transducer
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
In
order
to
improve
the
applicability
of
Pb(In
1/2
Nb
1/2
)O
3
–Pb(Mg
1/3
Nb
2/3
)O
3
–PbTiO
3
(PIN–PMN–PT)
single
crystal
and
make
full
use
of
relaxor
ferroelectric
single
crystal
based
array
transducer
on
high
frequency,
PIN–PMN–PT/epoxy
2–2
composite
with
the
width-to-height
ratio
G
of
0.5
in
single
crystal
beam
was
prepared
by
a
dice-and-fill
method.
Excellent
properties
for
the
fabrication
of
ultrasonic
transducer
has
been
achieved,
where
ultrahigh
thickness
electromechanical
coupling
coefficient
(k
t
),
ultrahigh
effective
electromechanical
coupling
coefficient
(k
eff
),
relatively
high
piezoelectric
constant
(d
33
),
and
low
acoustic
impedance
(Z)
are
86%,
88.4%,
1200
pC/N
and
21
MRayls,
respectively.
Based
on
the
improved
flexibility
of
as-prepared
PIN–PMN–PT/epoxy
2–2
composite,
a
12-element
array
transducer
with
the
center
fre-
quency
of
10
MHz
has
been
designed,
fabricated
and
characterized.
The
high
frequency
array
transducer
has
achieved
an
ultra-broad
bandwidth
(@-6
dB)
of
127.7%.
It
is
worth
mentioning
that
all
12
elements
in
the
array
work
very
well.
The
array
transducer
based
on
PIN–PMN–PT/epoxy
composite
exhibits
excel-
lent
uniformity,
confirming
that
the
relaxor
ferroelectric
single
crystal
based
2–2
composite
can
be
used
to
develop
high-performance
array
transducer
in
the
field
of
high
frequency
application.
©
2015
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
1.
Introduction
Ultrasonic
diagnostic
techniques
are
very
important
in
the
medical
field
due
to
its
efficiency,
safety
and
non-invasive,
in
comparison
to
computed
tomography
(CT),
X-ray
and
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
[1,2].
Ultrasound
diagnosis
has
been
extensively
used
in
cardiology,
obstetrics,
gynecology,
eye
scans,
blood
flow
measurement,
breast
scans,
endoscopy,
etc.
As
the
active
element
of
the
transducer,
the
properties
of
piezoelec-
tric
materials
dominate
the
transducer
performance
features
such
as
bandwidth
and
sensitivity
[3,4].
Piezoelectric
lead
zirconate
titanate
Pb(Zr
1−x
Ti
x
)O
3
(PZT)
ceramics
have
been
extensively
used
as
the
active
element
of
transducers
for
applications
in
both
med-
ical
diagnostics
and
nondestructive
testing.
However,
longitudinal
∗
Corresponding
author
at:
Key
Laboratory
of
Inorganic
Functional
Materials
and
Devices,
Shanghai
Institute
of
Ceramics,
University
of
Chinese
Academy
of
Sciences,
215
Chengbei
Road,
Jiading,
Shanghai
201800,
China.
∗∗
Corresponding
author.
E-mail
addresses:
yue.qingwen@student.sic.ac.cn
(Q.
Yue),
hsluo@mail.sic.ac.cn
(H.
Luo).
piezoelectric
constant
d
33
(500–700
pC/N)
and
electromechanical
coupling
coefficient
k
33
(<0.7)
of
PZT
are
not
great
enough
to
fur-
ther
improve
the
sensitivity
and
resolution
for
medical
ultrasound
imaging
system
[5,6].
Thus,
high
performance
piezoelectric
mate-
rials
which
possess
excellent
d
33
and
k
33
must
be
developed.
Relaxor-based
ferroelectric
single
crys-
tals
Pb(Mg
1/3
Nb
2/3
)O
3
–PbTiO
3
(PMN–PT)
and
Pb(In
1/2
Nb
1/2
)O
3
–Pb(Mg
1/3
Nb
2/3
)O
3
–PbTiO
3
(PIN–PMN–PT)
have
attracted
considerable
attention
because
of
their
extremely
high
piezoelectric
and
electromechanical
coupling
coefficients
near
the
morphotropic
phase
boundary
(MPB)
(d
33
∼
2000
pC/N,
d
31
∼
−2000
pC/N,
d
15
∼
6000
pC/N,
k
33
∼
0.92,
k
31
∼
0.94,
k
15
∼
0.97)
[7–9].
Among
these
high
performance
relaxor-based
ferroelectric
single
crystals,
ternary
single
crystal
PIN–PMN–PT
exhibits
increasing
competitiveness
due
to
their
ultrahigh
piezo-
electric
properties
and
improved
thermal
stability
such
as
the
increased
MPB
temperature
(>120
◦
C),
Curie
temperature
(>180
◦
C),
and
coercive
field
(>5
kV/cm),
in
comparison
to
the
PMN–PT
single
crystals
[10–12].
Based
on
the
outstanding
performance
of
relaxor-
based
single
crystals,
devices
with
the
superior
properties
have
been
developed,
such
as
electromechanical
devices,
piezoelectric
transformers,
and
ultrasonic
transducers
[13–15].
In
addition,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.08.017
0924-4247/©
2015
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
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