
第 50 卷 第 1 期
2014 年 2 月
兰 州 大 学 学 报(自然科学版)
Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences)
Vol. 50 No. 1
Feb. 2014
文章编号: 0455-2059(2014)01-0046-08
中国北方干旱区和半干旱区近 60 年气候变化
特征及成因分析
冉津江, 季明霞, 黄建平, 齐玉磊, 李 玥, 管晓丹
兰州大学 大气科学学院, 半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000
摘 要: 利用 1951-2011 年中国 756 个观测站的 月降水资料, 分析了北方干旱区和半干旱区暖季降水的变化.
结果表明干旱区和半干旱区的降水近60 年来表现出相反的变化趋势: 干旱区的暖季降水整体是增加的, 增长
速率为 0.27 mm/a, 而半干 旱区的暖 季降水整 体是减少的, 减少速率 为 0.80 mm/a. 存在这样的差异主要是因
为两个区域受不同的环流系统所控制, 即干旱区为西风控 制区, 而半干旱区则为季风区. 通 过对两个 区域降
水偏多 (偏少) 年大气环流的合成分析发现, 当西风气流加强、位置偏南, 黑海、里海和巴尔喀什湖的水汽被输
送到我国干旱区 , 有利于该地区的降水, 反之干旱区降水则偏少; 而当东亚夏季风较强时, 水汽向西能到达甘
肃中部 (105
°
E), 向北能到达整个华北和东北地区, 因此半干旱区降水偏多, 反之半干旱区降水则偏少.
关键词: 暖季; 降水; 大气环流; 东亚夏季风
中图分类号: P467 文献标识码: A
Characteristics and factors of climate change in arid and semi-arid
areas over Northern China in the recent 60 years
RAN Jin-jiang, JI Ming-xia, HUANG Jian-ping, QI Yu-lei, LI Yue, GUAN Xiao-dan
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change with the Ministry of Education,
Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Abstract: The warm-season precipitation changes in arid and semi-arid areas over Northern China were ana-
lyzed with monthly precipitation data from 756 stations in China from 1951 to 2011. The results indicated that
the precipitation of arid and semi-arid areas showed an opposite trend in the recent 60 years. The warm-season
precipitation increased overall in arid areas with 0.27 mm/a and decreased in semi-arid areas with 0.80 mm/a.
The difference existed mainly because the two regions were controlled by different circulation systems, that is,
the arid area by westerlies and semi-arid area by monsoons. A composite analysis of atmospheric circulation
in these two areas for years with more (less) precipitation showed that, when westerly flow was strong and was
southward, the water vapor of the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and Lake Balkhash was carried to the arid region,
conducive to the precipitation thereof, and vice versa. When the East Asian summer monsoon was strong and
the water vapor was going westward to central Gansu (105
°
E), and northward to the entire north and northeast
China, the precipitation of semi-arid areas increased, and vice versa.
Key words: warm-season; precipitation; atmospheric circulation; EASM
干旱半干旱区约占全球陆地总面积的 30%, 该
地区 降 水稀 少、水 资源 缺 乏、生态 环境 极 其脆 弱,
对气候变化的响应非常敏感
[1]
. Huang 等
[2]
的研究
结果表明, 干旱半干旱区是近 1 00 年来增温最显著
的地区, 其 中半干旱 区对全 球陆地增 暖的贡 献达
到 44%. 中国干旱半干旱区约占国土面积的 50%
[3]
,
该区域 不仅受 下沉气流 控制而 降水较 少, 并且太
阳辐射 强度大 蒸发极强, 因此 水分成 了 制约该 区
收稿日期: 2013-04-02; 修回日期: 2013-05-28
基金项目: 国家重大科学研究计划项目 (2012CB955301); 国家自然科学基金项目 (41175134, 41305060); 中央高校基本科研业务
费专项资金项目 (LZUJBKY-2013-109, LZUJBKY-2013-107, LZUJBKY-2013-ct05)
作者简介: 季明霞(1982-), 女, 内蒙古赤峰人, 讲师, 博士, e-mail: jimx@lzu.edu.cn, 研究方向为干旱区气候, 通信联系人.