STM32F042K6：ARM Cortex-M0 MCU，适用于初学者

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"STM32F042K6是基于ARM Cortex-M0内核的32位微控制器，适用于初学者学习。这款芯片具有最高32KB的闪存，支持无晶振USB FS 2.0、CAN接口、9个定时器、ADC和通信接口，工作电压范围为2.0V至3.6V。" STM32F042K6是一款由意法半导体（STMicroelectronics）推出的微控制器，主要面向初次接触STM32F0系列的开发者。该芯片基于高性能的ARM Cortex-M0处理器核心，能够运行在高达48MHz的频率下，提供了从16KB到32KB的可选闪存空间以及6KB的SRAM，并且集成了硬件奇偶校验功能。 STM32F042K6在电源管理方面表现出色，数字和I/O电源范围为2V至3.6V，模拟电源可与VDD相同或至3.6V。部分I/O口可以支持1.65V至3.6V的电压。该芯片具有多种电源保护和低功耗模式，如电源上电/下电复位（POR/PDR）、可编程电压检测器（PVD），以及睡眠、停止和待机模式。此外，还支持VBAT电源，以保持RTC（实时时钟）和备份寄存器在主电源关闭时仍能工作。在时钟系统方面，STM32F042K6提供广泛的时钟源选择，包括4到32MHz的晶体振荡器、32kHz的RTC振荡器、内部8MHz的RC振荡器，以及带有自动校准功能的内部48MHz振荡器。内部40kHz RC振荡器为其他低速应用提供了支持。该芯片具备多达38个快速I/O口，所有I/O口都可以映射到外部中断向量，其中24个I/O口支持5V耐受能力，8个I/O口独立于VDDIO2供电。此外，STM32F042K6还包括5个12位ADC通道、9个定时器（可能包含高级控制定时器、通用定时器和基本定时器等），以及多种通信接口，如UART、SPI和I2C等。这些特性使其适用于各种嵌入式应用，如物联网设备、消费电子产品和工业控制等。 STM32F042K6还集成了CAN（控制器局域网络）接口，这对于汽车电子和自动化领域尤为重要。此外，其内置的USB 2.0全速（FS）功能使得它成为实现USB设备接口的理想选择，尤其适用于需要无晶振USB解决方案的项目。 STM32F042K6是一款功能全面、性能优异的微控制器，适合初学者和专业人士用于开发各种嵌入式系统。它的强大功能、低功耗特性以及丰富的外设接口使其在众多微控制器中脱颖而出，为开发者提供了广阔的设计空间。

Functional overview STM32F042x4 STM32F042x6

16/118 DocID025832 Rev 4

3.6 Clocks and startup

System clock selection is performed on startup, however the internal RC 8 MHz oscillator is

selected as default CPU clock on reset. An external 4-32 MHz clock can be selected, in

which case it is monitored for failure. If failure is detected, the system automatically switches

back to the internal RC oscillator. A software interrupt is generated if enabled. Similarly, full

interrupt management of the PLL clock entry is available when necessary (for example on

failure of an indirectly used external crystal, resonator or oscillator).

Several prescalers allow the application to configure the frequency of the AHB and the APB

domains. The maximum frequency of the AHB and the APB domains is 48 MHz.

Additionally, also the internal RC 48 MHz oscillator can be selected for system clock or PLL

input source. This oscillator can be automatically fine-trimmed by the means of the CRS

peripheral using the external synchronization.

Functional overview STM32F042x4 STM32F042x6

18/118 DocID025832 Rev 4

The I/O configuration can be locked if needed following a specific sequence in order to

avoid spurious writing to the I/Os registers.

3.8 Direct memory access controller (DMA)

The 5-channel general-purpose DMAs manage memory-to-memory, peripheral-to-memory

and memory-to-peripheral transfers.

The DMA supports circular buffer management, removing the need for user code

intervention when the controller reaches the end of the buffer.

Each channel is connected to dedicated hardware DMA requests, with support for software

trigger on each channel. Configuration is made by software and transfer sizes between

source and destination are independent.

DMA can be used with the main peripherals: SPIx, I2Sx, I2Cx, USARTx, all TIMx timers

(except TIM14) and ADC.

3.9 Interrupts and events

3.9.1 Nested vectored interrupt controller (NVIC)

The STM32F0xx family embeds a nested vectored interrupt controller able to handle up to

32 maskable interrupt channels (not including the 16 interrupt lines of Cortex

-M0) and 4

priority levels.

• Closely coupled NVIC gives low latency interrupt processing

• Interrupt entry vector table address passed directly to the core

• Closely coupled NVIC core interface

• Allows early processing of interrupts

• Processing of late arriving higher priority interrupts

• Support for tail-chaining

• Processor state automatically saved

• Interrupt entry restored on interrupt exit with no instruction overhead

This hardware block provides flexible interrupt management features with minimal interrupt

latency.

3.9.2 Extended interrupt/event controller (EXTI)

The extended interrupt/event controller consists of 24 edge detector lines used to generate

interrupt/event requests and wake-up the system. Each line can be independently

configured to select the trigger event (rising edge, falling edge, both) and can be masked

independently. A pending register maintains the status of the interrupt requests. The EXTI

can detect an external line with a pulse width shorter than the internal clock period. Up to 38

GPIOs can be connected to the 16 external interrupt lines.

3.10 Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

The 12-bit analog-to-digital converter has up to 10 external and 3 internal (temperature

DocID025832 Rev 4 19/118

STM32F042x4 STM32F042x6 Functional overview

sensor, voltage reference, VBAT voltage measurement) channels and performs conversions

in single-shot or scan modes. In scan mode, automatic conversion is performed on a

selected group of analog inputs.

The ADC can be served by the DMA controller.

An analog watchdog feature allows very precise monitoring of the converted voltage of one,

some or all selected channels. An interrupt is generated when the converted voltage is

outside the programmed thresholds.

3.10.1 Temperature sensor

The temperature sensor (TS) generates a voltage V

SENSE

that varies linearly with

temperature.

The temperature sensor is internally connected to the ADC_IN16 input channel which is

used to convert the sensor output voltage into a digital value.

The sensor provides good linearity but it has to be calibrated to obtain good overall

accuracy of the temperature measurement. As the offset of the temperature sensor varies

from chip to chip due to process variation, the uncalibrated internal temperature sensor is

suitable for applications that detect temperature changes only.

To improve the accuracy of the temperature sensor measurement, each device is

individually factory-calibrated by ST. The temperature sensor factory calibration data are

stored by ST in the system memory area, accessible in read-only mode.

3.10.2 Internal voltage reference (V

REFINT

)

The internal voltage reference (V

REFINT

) provides a stable (bandgap) voltage output for the

ADC. V

REFINT

is internally connected to the ADC_IN17 input channel. The precise voltage

of V

REFINT

is individually measured for each part by ST during production test and stored in

the system memory area. It is accessible in read-only mode.

Table 3. Temperature sensor calibration values

Calibration value name Description Memory address

TS_CAL1

TS ADC raw data acquired at a

temperature of 30 °C (± 5 °C),

DDA

= 3.3 V (± 10 mV)

0x1FFF F7B8 - 0x1FFF F7B9

TS_CAL2

TS ADC raw data acquired at a

temperature of 110 °C (± 5 °C),

DDA

= 3.3 V (± 10 mV)

0x1FFF F7C2 - 0x1FFF F7C3

Table 4. Internal voltage reference calibration values

Calibration value name Description Memory address

VREFINT_CAL

Raw data acquired at a

temperature of 30 °C (± 5 °C),

DDA

= 3.3 V (± 10 mV)

0x1FFF F7BA - 0x1FFF F7BB

Functional overview STM32F042x4 STM32F042x6

20/118 DocID025832 Rev 4

3.10.3 V

BAT

battery voltage monitoring

This embedded hardware feature allows the application to measure the V

BAT

battery voltage

using the internal ADC channel ADC_IN18. As the V

BAT

voltage may be higher than V

DDA

and thus outside the ADC input range, the V

BAT

pin is internally connected to a bridge

divider by 2. As a consequence, the converted digital value is half the V

BAT

voltage.

3.11 Touch sensing controller (TSC)

The STM32F042x4/x6 devices provide a simple solution for adding capacitive sensing

functionality to any application. These devices offer up to 14 capacitive sensing channels

distributed over 5 analog I/O groups.

Capacitive sensing technology is able to detect the presence of a finger near a sensor which

is protected from direct touch by a dielectric (glass, plastic...). The capacitive variation

introduced by the finger (or any conductive object) is measured using a proven

implementation based on a surface charge transfer acquisition principle. It consists in

charging the sensor capacitance and then transferring a part of the accumulated charges

into a sampling capacitor until the voltage across this capacitor has reached a specific

threshold. To limit the CPU bandwidth usage, this acquisition is directly managed by the

hardware touch sensing controller and only requires few external components to operate.

For operation, one capacitive sensing GPIO in each group is connected to an external

capacitor and cannot be used as effective touch sensing channel.

The touch sensing controller is fully supported by the STMTouch touch sensing firmware

library, which is free to use and allows touch sensing functionality to be implemented reliably

in the end application.

Table 5. Capacitive sensing GPIOs available

on STM32F042x4/x6 devices

Group

Capacitive sensing

signal name

name

Group

Capacitive sensing

signal name

name

TSC_G1_IO1 PA0

TSC_G4_IO1 PA9

TSC_G1_IO2 PA1 TSC_G4_IO2 PA10

TSC_G1_IO3 PA2 TSC_G4_IO3 PA11

TSC_G1_IO4 PA3 TSC_G4_IO4 PA12

TSC_G2_IO1 PA4

TSC_G5_IO1 PB3

TSC_G2_IO2 PA5 TSC_G5_IO2 PB4

TSC_G2_IO3 PA6 TSC_G5_IO3 PB6

TSC_G2_IO4 PA7 TSC_G5_IO4 PB7

TSC_G3_IO2 PB0

TSC_G3_IO3 PB1

TSC_G3_IO4 PB2

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